Buddhism & Jainism — Set 6
Indian History · बौद्ध और जैन धर्म · Questions 51–60 of 90
The philosophy of 'Madhyamaka' (The Middle Way) was propounded by:
Correct Answer: C. Nagarjuna
Nagarjuna founded the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhism. He argued that all phenomena are empty (Shunyata) of inherent existence. His philosophy seeks a middle path between existence and non-existence.
Which was the last of the 24 Tirthankaras?
Correct Answer: D. Mahavira
Mahavira was the 24th and final Tirthankara of the current time cycle. He reorganized the Jain community and solidified its teachings. He was a contemporary of Gautama Buddha.
The concept of 'Pratitya-Samutpada' (Dependent Origination) is central to:
Correct Answer: C. Buddhism
The correct answer is 'Buddhism'. Pratitya-Samutpada is a core Buddhist doctrine. It states that all phenomena arise in dependence upon other phenomena. It explains the cycle of suffering and rebirth through twelve links.
Where was the Second Jain Council held?
Correct Answer: A. Vallabhi
The Second Jain Council was held at Vallabhi in Gujarat. It took place in the 5th or 6th century AD under the leadership of Devardhi Kshamashramana. This council finalized the writing of the Jain Agamas.
Which vows did Mahavira add to the four vows of Parshvanatha?
Correct Answer: A. Brahmacharya (Celibacy)
Mahavira added Brahmacharya (Celibacy/Chastity) as the fifth vow. The previous four vows (Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Aparigraha) were laid down by Parshvanatha. This made the code of conduct stricter for monks.
Which Buddhist Mudra signifies 'calling the earth to witness'?
Correct Answer: A. Bhumisparsha Mudra
The Bhumisparsha Mudra depicts the Buddha touching the ground with his right hand. It symbolizes his calling the Earth goddess to witness his enlightenment. It represents firmness and the defeat of Mara.
The 'Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves' in Odisha are primarily associated with:
Correct Answer: D. Jainism
The correct answer is 'Jainism'. The Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves were built for Jain monks. They were patronized by King Kharavela of Kalinga in the 1st century BCE. These caves contain inscriptions and sculptures depicting Jain themes.
What is the term for the 'Great Departure' of Buddha from his palace?
Correct Answer: B. Mahabhinishkramana
Mahabhinishkramana refers to the Great Departure or Renunciation. It marks the moment Siddhartha left his royal life at age 29. He left to find the cause of suffering.
Which of the following is considered a 'Heterodox' school of Indian philosophy?
Correct Answer: B. Jainism
Jainism is a Heterodox (Nastika) school. It rejects the authority of the Vedas. Orthodox (Astika) schools like Nyaya and Yoga accept Vedic authority.
Who was the mother of Mahavira?
Correct Answer: B. Trishala
Trishala was the mother of Lord Mahavira. She was a Lichchhavi princess and sister of Chetaka, the head of the Vaishali republic. She is said to have had 14 auspicious dreams before Mahavira's birth.