Question 1

Who is credited with the discovery of the first antibiotic, Penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Alexander Fleming. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 after observing mold killing bacteria in a petri dish. This discovery revolutionized medicine by providing a powerful tool against bacterial infections. He was later awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this work.

Question 2

Which scientist is known for discovering the structure of the DNA double helix alongside Francis Crick?

Accepted Answer

James Watson. James Watson and Francis Crick published the double helix model of DNA in 1953. Their discovery revealed how genetic information is stored and replicated in living organisms. They relied heavily on X-ray diffraction data collected by Rosalind Franklin.

Question 3

Who discovered the existence of blood groups (A, B, O) in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Karl Landsteiner. Karl Landsteiner identified the three main blood groups in 1900, which made safe blood transfusions possible. He later discovered the Rh factor, further improving medical safety. This breakthrough earned him the Nobel Prize in 1930.

Question 4

Who is considered the 'Father of Genetics' for his work on pea plants?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel. Gregor Mendel established the fundamental laws of inheritance through his experiments with garden peas. He identified how traits are passed from parents to offspring via discrete units now called genes. His work remained largely unknown until its rediscovery in the early 20th century.

Question 5

The discovery of the process of 'Pasteurization' is attributed to?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur. Louis Pasteur developed this heat-treatment method to kill harmful microbes in milk and wine without changing their properties. He also formulated the germ theory of disease, proving that microorganisms cause sickness. His work led to significant improvements in public health and food safety.

Biology Discoveries — Set 1