Biology Discoveries — Set 2
Inventions · जीवविज्ञान की खोजें · Questions 11–20 of 70
The discovery of Insulin for the treatment of diabetes was led by?
Correct Answer: C. Frederick Banting
Frederick Banting and Charles Best successfully isolated insulin from the pancreas in 1921. This breakthrough allowed diabetic patients to manage their blood sugar levels and survive a previously fatal condition. Banting became the youngest-ever Nobel laureate in Medicine in 1923.
Who discovered the nucleus within the plant cell in 1831?
Correct Answer: D. Robert Brown
Robert Brown identified the nucleus as a regular feature of plant cells while studying orchids. This discovery was a vital step in understanding the internal organization of living cells. He is also famous for describing the random motion of particles now called 'Brownian motion'.
Which scientist formulated the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Correct Answer: D. Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently proposed that species evolve through natural selection. Darwin's book 'On the Origin of Species' provided extensive evidence for this revolutionary biological concept. This theory explains the diversity of life on Earth through common descent.
Who discovered the Malarial parasite in the stomach of a mosquito in 1897?
Correct Answer: D. Ronald Ross
Ronald Ross proved that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes while working in India. This discovery enabled the development of effective prevention strategies against the disease. He was the first British person to receive a Nobel Prize.
Which scientist discovered the existence of viruses, specifically the Tobacco Mosaic Virus?
Correct Answer: B. Dmitri Ivanovsky
Dmitri Ivanovsky found that an infectious agent smaller than bacteria passed through filters. Martinus Beijerinck later recognized it as a new form of infectious agent and coined the term 'virus'. This established the field of virology in biology.
Who is credited with discovering the first polio vaccine (inactivated)?
Correct Answer: D. Jonas Salk
Jonas Salk developed the first safe and effective polio vaccine using killed virus in 1955. His decision not to patent the vaccine helped make it available to the public worldwide. This discovery led to the near-eradication of polio in many countries.
The discovery of the 'Citric Acid Cycle' (Krebs Cycle) in cell metabolism was made by?
Correct Answer: C. Hans Krebs
Hans Krebs identified the series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy. This cycle is a central part of cellular respiration occurring in the mitochondria. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953.
Who discovered the existence of 'Antigens' and 'Antibodies' in the blood?
Correct Answer: D. Paul Ehrlich
Paul Ehrlich and Emil von Behring pioneered the study of serum therapy and the immune system. Behring won the first-ever Nobel Prize in Medicine for developing an antitoxin against diphtheria. Ehrlich proposed the 'side-chain theory' to explain how antibodies work.
The discovery that chromosomes are the carriers of genetic information was led by?
Correct Answer: B. Boveri and Sutton
Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri independently identified chromosomes as the physical basis of heredity. Their 'Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance' bridged the gap between Mendel's laws and cell biology. This discovery set the stage for modern molecular genetics.
Who discovered 'Vitamin C' and its role in preventing scurvy?
Correct Answer: B. Albert Szent-Györgyi
Albert Szent-Györgyi isolated hexuronic acid, later known as Vitamin C, from citrus fruits and paprika. He proved that its deficiency causes the disease scurvy, which historically plagued sailors. He won the Nobel Prize in 1937 for this discovery.