Biology Discoveries — Set 7

Correct Answer: A. Frederick Banting

Banting and Best discovered insulin in 1921, transforming diabetes from a death sentence into a manageable condition. They successfully isolated it from the pancreas of animals to treat human patients. Banting received the Nobel Prize in 1923 for this breakthrough.

Correct Answer: D. Ronald Ross

Ronald Ross proved in 1897 that mosquitoes transmit malaria to humans, a discovery he made while working in India. This finding revolutionized the way malaria is controlled and prevented globally. He was the first British Nobel Prize winner.

Correct Answer: C. Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin is best known for his theory of evolution by natural selection, published in 'The Origin of Species'. He explained how species change over time to adapt to their environment. This is the central unifying principle of modern biology.

Correct Answer: D. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe and describe 'animalcules', which we now know as bacteria and protozoa. He built his own high-power microscopes to study the natural world. He is often called the 'Father of Microbiology'.

Correct Answer: C. Elmer McCollum

Elmer McCollum discovered Vitamin A in 1913 and later Vitamin D, showing their importance in diet and health. His work helped cure diseases like rickets and night blindness. He spent much of his career at Johns Hopkins University.

Correct Answer: B. Jonas Salk

Jonas Salk developed the first successful polio vaccine in 1955, using inactivated (killed) virus. This discovery led to a massive reduction in polio cases worldwide. He famously refused to patent the vaccine to make it more accessible.

Correct Answer: D. George Palade

George Palade discovered ribosomes in the 1950s using an electron microscope. He identified them as the site where protein synthesis occurs in all living cells. He won the Nobel Prize in 1974 for his structural cell research.

Correct Answer: C. Christian de Duve

Christian de Duve discovered lysosomes, the organelles responsible for digestion and waste removal in the cell. He also discovered peroxisomes, another vital cell part. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1974 for these findings.

Correct Answer: A. Camillo Golgi

Camillo Golgi identified this organelle in 1898 while staining nerve cells with silver nitrate. The Golgi body is responsible for processing and packaging proteins before they are sent to their destination. He shared the Nobel Prize in 1906.

Correct Answer: B. Melvin Calvin

Melvin Calvin mapped the chemical path of carbon during photosynthesis, known as the Calvin Cycle. This discovery explained how plants turn CO2 into food using energy from light. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1961.