Biology Discoveries — Set 3
Inventions · जीवविज्ञान की खोजें · Questions 21–30 of 70
Which scientist discovered the 'Calvin Cycle' of photosynthesis?
Correct Answer: D. Melvin Calvin
Melvin Calvin used radioactive isotopes to map the path of carbon in photosynthesis. This process describes how plants convert carbon dioxide into glucose. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1961 for his findings.
Who is credited with discovering the function of the human heart as a pump?
Correct Answer: D. William Harvey
William Harvey demonstrated that the heart pumps blood in a circular motion through the arteries and veins. He used quantitative methods to prove that the blood volume was too high to be constantly consumed by the body. This revolutionized cardiovascular science.
The discovery of 'Lysosomes' and 'Peroxisomes' in the cell was made by?
Correct Answer: D. Christian de Duve
Christian de Duve discovered lysosomes, the cell's waste disposal units, in 1955. He also discovered peroxisomes, which are involved in metabolic processes like fatty acid breakdown. He shared a Nobel Prize for these major cell biology discoveries.
Who discovered the bacterium that causes the 'Plague' (Yersinia pestis)?
Correct Answer: B. Alexandre Yersin
Alexandre Yersin and Shibasaburo Kitasato independently identified the plague bacterium during an outbreak in Hong Kong. Yersin proved the link between the disease in rats and humans. The genus 'Yersinia' was named in his honor.
The discovery of 'Jump genes' or Transposons in maize was made by?
Correct Answer: B. Barbara McClintock
Barbara McClintock discovered that some genetic elements can change their position on the chromosome. This finding challenged the idea that genomes are static and fixed. She was awarded an unshared Nobel Prize in 1983.
Who discovered the 'Bacillus anthracis' as the cause of Anthrax?
Correct Answer: D. Robert Koch
Robert Koch was the first to link a specific microorganism to a specific disease by isolating the anthrax bacillus. This discovery provided the strongest evidence yet for the germ theory of disease. He also developed methods for staining and growing bacteria.
The discovery of 'Ribosomes' (the cell's protein factories) is attributed to?
Correct Answer: A. George Palade
George Palade identified ribosomes as small granules in the cytoplasm using an electron microscope. He also mapped the path of protein secretion within the cell. He is considered one of the founders of modern cell biology.
Who discovered the 'Golgi Apparatus' in the cell in 1898?
Correct Answer: B. Camillo Golgi
Camillo Golgi identified this organelle using a silver staining technique he developed. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins. He shared the 1906 Nobel Prize for his work on the nervous system.
Which scientist discovered the link between 'Chloroplasts' and photosynthesis?
Correct Answer: A. Julius von Sachs
Julius von Sachs proved that chlorophyll is located in distinct bodies (chloroplasts) and is essential for starch production. He was a pioneer in plant physiology and established many foundational botanical concepts. His work explained how sunlight energy is captured by plants.
Who discovered 'Streptomycin', the first effective treatment for tuberculosis?
Correct Answer: C. Selman Waksman
Selman Waksman and his students isolated streptomycin from soil bacteria in 1943. Unlike penicillin, it was effective against Gram-negative bacteria and TB. Waksman was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1952 for this discovery.