Gandhian Era & Satyagrahas — Set 1

Correct Answer: A. 1917

Gandhi launched the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 in Bihar. It was directed against the tinkathia system that forced indigo farmers to cultivate indigo on a fixed portion of their land. This was Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement in India after returning from South Africa.

Correct Answer: B. Indigo farmers

The Champaran Satyagraha was launched to address the grievances of indigo farmers in Bihar. European planters compelled peasants to grow indigo on at least 3/20th of their land under the tinkathia system. Gandhi investigated their conditions and organized a successful resistance movement.

Correct Answer: C. A system forcing farmers to grow indigo on 3/20 of their land

The tinkathia system compelled farmers in Champaran to cultivate indigo on 3/20 (three-twentieths) of their land for European planters. Farmers were paid very low prices for the indigo and had no freedom to grow food crops on that portion. Gandhi's investigation and protest led to the abolition of this exploitative system.

Correct Answer: D. Rajkumar Shukla

Rajkumar Shukla, a peasant leader from Champaran, persistently urged Gandhi to visit and examine the conditions of indigo farmers in Bihar. Gandhi agreed and visited Champaran in 1917 despite being ordered by the British to leave. His investigation led to the Champaran Inquiry Committee and eventual abolition of the tinkathia system.

Correct Answer: A. Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement in India

The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 is regarded as Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement on Indian soil. It marked the beginning of his active political leadership in India after returning from South Africa. The movement successfully pressured the British to abolish the oppressive tinkathia system.

Correct Answer: B. Champaran

The Champaran Satyagraha was conducted in the Champaran district of Bihar in 1917. The region was known for its indigo plantations run by European planters who exploited local farmers. Gandhi's work there established the model of fact-finding followed by organized nonviolent resistance.

Correct Answer: C. Gujarat

The Kheda Satyagraha was launched in 1918 in the Kheda district of Gujarat. The peasants demanded remission of land revenue following crop failure due to floods and drought. Gandhi led the movement with Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, ultimately achieving partial relief for the farmers.

Correct Answer: D. Remission of land revenue due to crop failure

The main demand of the Kheda Satyagraha was remission of land revenue following a severe crop failure in the Kheda district of Gujarat. Under British revenue rules, remission was mandatory when crops failed below a certain threshold. Gandhi and Sardar Patel organized the peasants to withhold revenue payment until the government acknowledged this rule.

Correct Answer: A. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played a prominent role alongside Gandhi in the Kheda Satyagraha of 1918. This movement marked Patel's entry into mass politics under Gandhi's leadership. The Kheda Satyagraha helped Patel develop the organizational skills that later earned him the title 'Iron Man of India.'

Correct Answer: B. Mill owners of Ahmedabad

The Ahmedabad Mill Strike of 1918 was a labour dispute between textile mill workers and the mill owners of Ahmedabad. Workers demanded a 35% wage increase while owners offered only 20%. Gandhi intervened and led the workers' cause through a strike and his first fast.