Gandhian Era & Satyagrahas — Set 4

Correct Answer: C. Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi

The Salt Satyagraha of 1930, popularly known as the Dandi March, began from Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad and ended at Dandi on the Gujarat coast. Gandhi walked approximately 390 kilometres over 24 days with 78 chosen followers. On April 6, 1930, he broke the salt law by picking up salt at Dandi beach.

Correct Answer: D. April 6, 1930

Gandhi reached Dandi on April 5, 1930, and broke the salt law on April 6, 1930, by picking up a lump of salt from the seashore. The date April 6 was significant as it was also the anniversary of the Rowlatt Satyagraha hartal. The act of making salt symbolized defiance of British monopoly over salt production and taxation.

Correct Answer: A. March 12, 1930

The Dandi March began on March 12, 1930, when Gandhi set out from Sabarmati Ashram with 78 chosen followers. The march covered a distance of about 390 kilometres to the coastal village of Dandi in Gujarat. This march against the British salt monopoly ignited a nationwide civil disobedience movement.

Correct Answer: B. 78

Gandhi began the Dandi March with 78 chosen followers from Sabarmati Ashram on March 12, 1930. The number grew significantly as the march progressed through villages. By the time Gandhi reached Dandi, thousands of people had joined or were following the movement across India.

Correct Answer: C. Salt production and taxation

The Salt March of 1930 was a protest against the British monopoly on salt production and the salt tax, which heavily burdened the poorest Indians. Salt, being a necessity of life, was an ideal symbol for mass mobilization. By making salt from seawater, Gandhi challenged an unjust British law in a dramatic and legally defiant act.

Correct Answer: D. Gujarat Coast (Arabian Sea)

Gandhi reached the Gujarat coast on the Arabian Sea at the end of the Dandi March. The coastal village of Dandi in Navsari district, Gujarat, was the destination of the march. Making salt from seawater at this location symbolically broke the British Salt Law.

Correct Answer: A. Civil Disobedience Movement

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact of March 1931 was signed as a result of the Civil Disobedience Movement that began with the Salt Satyagraha of 1930. Under the pact, Gandhi agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement and attend the Second Round Table Conference. The British agreed to release political prisoners and allow collection of salt along the seacoast.

Correct Answer: B. Lord Irwin (Lord Halifax)

Lord Irwin, who later became Lord Halifax, was the Viceroy of India with whom Gandhi signed the 1931 pact. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was an agreement that temporarily suspended the Civil Disobedience Movement. Irwin's willingness to negotiate with Gandhi was seen as implicit recognition of the Indian nationalist movement's strength.

Correct Answer: C. Vinoba Bhave

The Individual Satyagraha launched in October 1940 was initially led by Acharya Vinoba Bhave, chosen personally by Gandhi as the first individual satyagrahi. The movement was launched to assert the right of free speech against the war effort. Gandhi chose Vinoba Bhave as the first satyagrahi to demonstrate the importance of personal character in nonviolent struggle.

Correct Answer: D. Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru was chosen as the second individual satyagrahi in the 1940-41 movement. The movement was organized in a deliberate sequence to give symbolic importance to each chosen participant. Nehru was arrested for his participation and this raised significant political pressure on the British colonial government.