Gandhian Era & Satyagrahas — Set 14
National Movement · गांधीवादी युग और सत्याग्रह · Questions 131–140 of 140
Which of Gandhi's satyagrahas most directly challenged British economic monopoly?
Correct Answer: C. Salt Satyagraha
The Salt Satyagraha of 1930 most directly challenged British economic monopoly by targeting the government's exclusive control over salt production and distribution. Salt was a commodity that every Indian needed and that the British profited from through taxation and monopoly. Breaking the salt law was simultaneously an economic and political act of defiance.
The Non-Cooperation Movement asked Indians to return which British honours and titles?
Correct Answer: D. Honours and titles conferred by the British Crown
The Non-Cooperation Movement called upon Indians to return honours and titles conferred by the British Crown as a form of non-cooperation. Gandhi himself returned the medals he had received for his service during the Boer War and Zulu Rebellion in South Africa. This act of returning titles was a powerful symbolic rejection of British recognition.
What was the broader significance of the Bardoli Satyagraha beyond the immediate revenue dispute?
Correct Answer: A. It demonstrated that peasants could win through organized non-violent resistance
The broader significance of the Bardoli Satyagraha was its demonstration that organized, disciplined non-violent resistance could achieve concrete victories for peasants against colonial authorities. The successful movement boosted the morale of the entire national movement ahead of the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930. It proved that satyagraha was an effective tool not just for symbolic protest but for winning practical demands.
Gandhi insisted on 'purna swaraj' or complete independence at which Congress session?
Correct Answer: B. Lahore 1929
The demand for purna swaraj (complete independence) was formally adopted at the Lahore session of the Congress in December 1929, with Gandhi's active support and Jawaharlal Nehru as President. January 26, 1930 was declared as the first Independence Day. This declaration set the stage for the Salt Satyagraha and Civil Disobedience Movement that followed in 1930.
Gandhi's visit to Vaikom in 1925 during the ongoing satyagraha resulted in:
Correct Answer: C. Negotiations that led to partial opening of roads to lower-caste people
Gandhi's visit to Vaikom in 1925 led to negotiations with the Travancore government that resulted in the partial opening of some roads near the temple to lower-caste people. Though complete temple entry was not achieved at this time, the outcome was a significant step toward social equality. Gandhi's personal engagement gave the movement national visibility and diplomatic weight.
Which of the following was NOT part of Gandhi's constructive programme?
Correct Answer: D. Organizing a national army
Organizing a national army was never part of Gandhi's constructive programme, which was entirely based on non-violent social and economic reform. The constructive programme included khadi promotion, village sanitation, basic education, removal of untouchability, and communal harmony. Military organization was antithetical to Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence.
The Champaran Satyagraha was resolved by which British administrative measure?
Correct Answer: A. Bihar Planters' Act of 1917 abolishing tinkathia system
The Champaran Satyagraha was formally resolved by the Bihar Planters' Act of 1917, which abolished the tinkathia system of forced indigo cultivation. The act was a direct outcome of the Champaran Agrarian Committee's investigation that Gandhi participated in. Farmers were freed from the compulsion to grow indigo and compensate planters at below-market rates.
Gandhi's concept of non-violence was influenced by writings of which Western thinkers?
Correct Answer: B. Tolstoy, Thoreau, and Ruskin
Gandhi's concept of non-violence and social ethics was significantly influenced by Tolstoy's writing on non-resistance to evil, Thoreau's essay on civil disobedience, and Ruskin's Unto This Last. He corresponded with Tolstoy and named his settlement in South Africa Tolstoy Farm. These Western influences combined with Indian traditions of ahimsa to form Gandhi's unique philosophy.
Which satyagraha demonstrated Gandhi's ability to link labour rights with the broader freedom movement?
Correct Answer: C. Ahmedabad Mill Strike 1918
The Ahmedabad Mill Strike of 1918 demonstrated Gandhi's ability to link labour rights with the broader freedom movement by applying satyagraha principles to an industrial labour dispute. Gandhi showed that the same moral force that challenged colonial rule could address economic exploitation of workers. This broadened the freedom movement's appeal beyond political independence to social and economic justice.
Which of the following correctly lists Gandhi's major satyagrahas in chronological order?
Correct Answer: D. Champaran, Kheda, Ahmedabad Mill, Rowlatt, Bardoli, Salt
The correct chronological order of Gandhi's major satyagrahas is: Champaran 1917, Kheda 1918, Ahmedabad Mill Strike 1918, Rowlatt Satyagraha 1919, Non-Cooperation 1920-22, Nagpur Flag 1923, Vaikom 1924-25, Bardoli 1928, and Salt Satyagraha 1930. This progression shows Gandhi's development from local agrarian causes to nationwide mass movements against colonial rule. Each satyagraha built on lessons from the previous ones.