Gandhian Era & Satyagrahas — Set 3

Correct Answer: A. Chauri Chaura incident

Gandhi suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922 following the Chauri Chaura incident in Uttar Pradesh. A mob of protesters set fire to a police station, killing 22 police officers. Gandhi called off the movement because he believed violence contradicted the principles of nonviolent satyagraha.

Correct Answer: B. United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh)

The Chauri Chaura incident occurred on February 5, 1922, in the Chauri Chaura town of the United Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh). An angry crowd clashed with police and set the local police station on fire, killing 22 policemen. This incident prompted Gandhi to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Correct Answer: C. Indian handloom cloth

The Non-Cooperation Movement called for boycott of British goods, government institutions, educational institutions, and legislative councils. Indian handloom cloth was actually promoted as an alternative to foreign cloth, not boycotted. The movement popularized khadi as a symbol of self-reliance and national identity.

Correct Answer: D. Ban on flying the Indian National Congress flag

The Nagpur Flag Satyagraha of 1923 was a protest against the ban imposed by Nagpur municipality on flying the Indian National Congress flag. Satyagrahis defiantly carried and hoisted the national flag in violation of the ban. The satyagraha successfully forced the authorities to withdraw the order against the flag.

Correct Answer: A. Temple entry rights for lower castes

The Vaikom Satyagraha of 1924-25 was primarily a struggle for the right of lower-caste Hindus to use roads near the Vaikom temple in Kerala. Upper-caste norms prevented lower castes from walking on roads adjacent to certain temples. Gandhi actively supported this movement, which became one of the earliest satyagrahas for social justice in India.

Correct Answer: B. Kerala

The Vaikom Satyagraha took place in Vaikom, a town in Travancore (present-day Kerala) in 1924-25. It was launched to demand the right of lower-caste Hindus to use roads near the Vaikom Mahadeva Temple. The movement is considered a pioneering struggle for social equality and untouchability eradication in India.

Correct Answer: C. T.K. Madhavan and K.P. Kesava Menon

The Vaikom Satyagraha was primarily led by T.K. Madhavan and K.P. Kesava Menon. Gandhi visited Vaikom in 1925 and negotiated with the authorities, giving the movement wider national attention. The movement eventually achieved partial success when some roads near the temple were opened to lower-caste people.

Correct Answer: D. An unjust hike in land revenue

The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was launched against a 30% hike in land revenue imposed by the British government in the Bardoli taluka of Gujarat. Farmers organized a no-revenue campaign under Gandhi's guidance. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel led the movement and earned the title 'Sardar' from the people of Bardoli for his successful leadership.

Correct Answer: A. Bardoli (Surat district)

The Bardoli Satyagraha took place in the Bardoli taluka of Surat district in Gujarat in 1928. The peasants of Bardoli refused to pay enhanced land revenue under Sardar Patel's leadership. The government eventually appointed a commission that reduced the revenue hike, marking a victory for the satyagrahis.

Correct Answer: B. Vallabhbhai Patel

Vallabhbhai Patel earned the title 'Sardar' (meaning leader or chief) due to his outstanding leadership during the Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928. The women of Bardoli bestowed this title upon him in recognition of his courage and organizational skills. He is widely known as Sardar Patel thereafter and later became the first Deputy Prime Minister of India.