Gandhian Era & Satyagrahas — Set 9

Correct Answer: A. Welfare or uplift of all

Sarvodaya is a concept coined by Gandhi meaning the welfare or uplift of all, derived from John Ruskin's 'Unto This Last.' Gandhi believed society should be organized for the good of all, especially the weakest members. Sarvodaya underpinned his vision of an egalitarian, non-exploitative village-based social order.

Correct Answer: B. C. Rajagopalachari

C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) led a parallel salt march from Trichinopoly to Vedaranyam in Tamil Nadu, inspired by Gandhi's Dandi March. This march is known as the Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha. Rajaji's participation demonstrated that the civil disobedience movement had spread across different regions of India.

Correct Answer: C. Champaran

Gandhi's first political experiment with satyagraha in India was the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917. Although he had used satyagraha earlier in South Africa, Champaran represented his first application of the method on Indian soil. The success of this experiment encouraged Gandhi to deploy satyagraha in subsequent Indian campaigns.

Correct Answer: D. Not to pay the enhanced land revenue until demands were met

The peasants of Bardoli pledged not to pay the enhanced land revenue until the government met their demands for a fair revision. Under Sardar Patel's leadership, they maintained remarkable discipline and unity despite government pressure and threats of land seizure. Their peaceful resolve ultimately forced the British to appoint a commission that reduced the enhancement.

Correct Answer: A. Non-Cooperation Movement

The Nagpur session of the Indian National Congress in December 1920 officially adopted Gandhi's Non-Cooperation programme. This session also changed the organisational structure of the Congress to make it more representative of India's linguistic regions. It marked Gandhi's formal ascendancy to leadership of the Congress and the national movement.

Correct Answer: B. Hind Swaraj

Hind Swaraj, written by Gandhi in 1909, laid out his vision of true Indian self-rule based on village-based civilization, rejection of industrialism, and moral self-discipline. He argued that Western civilization was fundamentally flawed and that India should not merely copy British institutions. The text remains Gandhi's most comprehensive statement of his political philosophy.

Correct Answer: C. Yerawada Jail, Pune

Gandhi was arrested and imprisoned at Yerawada Jail in Pune during the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930. He was held there without trial under emergency regulations. Yerawada Jail became closely associated with Gandhi as he was imprisoned there on multiple occasions during the freedom struggle.

Correct Answer: D. Opening of some roads near the temple to lower-caste people

The Vaikom Satyagraha achieved the partial result of opening some roads near the Vaikom temple to lower-caste people in 1925. Complete temple entry rights throughout Travancore were achieved later with the Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936. The movement was nonetheless a significant step forward in the struggle against caste discrimination.

Correct Answer: A. 1915

Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in January 1915 after spending over two decades there. He had been encouraged by his mentor Gopal Krishna Gokhale to study India's conditions before entering active politics. After returning, he established the Sabarmati Ashram and began organizing the Indian masses.

Correct Answer: B. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Gopal Krishna Gokhale was Gandhi's political mentor in India, whom Gandhi greatly admired for his integrity, moderation, and dedication to social reform. Gokhale advised Gandhi to observe India for a year before entering politics. Gandhi called Gokhale his 'political guru.'