Gandhian Era & Satyagrahas — Set 11
National Movement · गांधीवादी युग और सत्याग्रह · Questions 101–110 of 140
The Individual Satyagraha of 1940-41 was limited to a few individuals rather than a mass movement because:
Correct Answer: A. India was at war and Gandhi wanted a limited symbolic protest
The Individual Satyagraha of 1940-41 was deliberately kept as a limited symbolic protest because India was at war and Gandhi did not want to embarrass Britain internationally. He opposed the war effort but chose to register symbolic dissent through individual satyagrahis rather than mass agitation. The movement was carefully calibrated to assert the principle of free speech without destabilizing the war situation.
What does 'Satyagrahi' refer to?
Correct Answer: B. One who practises Satyagraha
A Satyagrahi is one who practises Satyagraha, meaning a person who non-violently resists injustice through the force of truth and moral integrity. A true satyagrahi must be free from fear, self-interest, and the desire for revenge. Gandhi set strict standards for those who took the Satyagraha pledge.
The Dharasana Salt Works raid in May 1930 was led by:
Correct Answer: C. Sarojini Naidu and Abbas Tyabji
The Dharasana Salt Works raid in May 1930 was led by Sarojini Naidu and Abbas Tyabji after Gandhi was arrested. Hundreds of non-violent volunteers marched toward the salt works and were brutally beaten by police without retaliating. Webb Miller's eyewitness account of this raid shocked international audiences and exposed the violence of British colonial rule.
Gandhi's Satyagraha required participants to have which personal quality above all?
Correct Answer: D. Fearlessness and readiness to suffer
Gandhi required satyagrahis above all to possess fearlessness and a readiness to suffer without retaliation. He believed that the willingness to absorb violence without responding in kind had a transformative power on both the self and the opponent. Cowardice, in Gandhi's view, was worse than violence; a satyagrahi chose suffering over cowardice.
In which city was the Ahmedabad Mill Strike of 1918 centred?
Correct Answer: A. Ahmedabad
The Ahmedabad Mill Strike of 1918 was centred in Ahmedabad, then one of the major textile manufacturing centres in India. Ahmedabad's mill workers demanded higher wages, and Gandhi mediated their cause. The city of Ahmedabad had a long association with Gandhi, who established the Sabarmati Ashram there in 1917.
The Khilafat Movement's most active leaders in India were:
Correct Answer: B. Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali (Ali Brothers)
The Khilafat Movement in India was most actively led by the Ali Brothers—Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali. Gandhi supported the Khilafat cause to forge Hindu-Muslim unity in the broader Non-Cooperation Movement. The alliance between the Khilafat Movement and Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement made 1920-22 a period of remarkable Hindu-Muslim unity.
What was the main lesson Gandhi drew from the failure of the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922?
Correct Answer: C. Discipline and non-violence must be maintained in mass movements
From the failure (suspension) of the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922, Gandhi drew the lesson that discipline and absolute adherence to non-violence were essential for mass movements. The violence at Chauri Chaura showed that the masses had not fully internalised the satyagraha principles. Gandhi used this as an occasion to intensify training in non-violence through the constructive programme.
The phrase 'First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win' is commonly attributed to:
Correct Answer: D. Mahatma Gandhi
The phrase is commonly attributed to Mahatma Gandhi, reflecting the trajectory of any satyagraha campaign from dismissal to engagement to eventual success. This progression described the typical response of an entrenched power to non-violent resistance. Gandhi believed that moral truth would ultimately prevail if the satyagrahi maintained discipline and commitment.
The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was concerned with a tax enhancement of approximately:
Correct Answer: A. 30%
The Bardoli Satyagraha was launched against a 30% hike in land revenue imposed by the British government in the Bardoli taluka of Surat district, Gujarat. The peasants considered this increase unjustifiable given economic conditions. Sardar Patel organized the no-revenue campaign that forced the British to appoint a commission and eventually reduce the enhancement.
Gandhi's strategy of Satyagraha differed from terrorism primarily because:
Correct Answer: B. Satyagraha relied on moral force while terrorism relied on fear
Gandhi's Satyagraha differed fundamentally from terrorism because it relied on moral force, truth, and the willingness to suffer rather than on fear, violence, or coercion. A satyagrahi sought to convert the opponent through suffering, while terrorism aimed to coerce through inflicting fear and violence. Gandhi believed violence debased both the user and the cause.