Non-Cooperation & Civil Disobedience — Set 10
National Movement · असहयोग और सविनय अवज्ञा · Questions 91–100 of 200
Gandhiji's concept of 'Swaraj' included which of the following dimensions?
Correct Answer: C. Both political independence and moral/social self-rule
Gandhi's concept of Swaraj was multidimensional — it included not only political independence from British rule but also moral and social self-governance. He believed true Swaraj meant self-discipline, eradication of untouchability, Hindu-Muslim unity, and economic self-reliance through khadi. This comprehensive vision distinguished Gandhi's understanding from purely political conceptions of independence.
Which significant Congress resolution of 1931 endorsed fundamental rights and economic policy?
Correct Answer: B. Karachi Resolution 1931
The Karachi Resolution of March 1931, passed at the Congress session presided over by Vallabhbhai Patel, endorsed fundamental rights and economic policy directives for independent India. It included rights to free speech, freedom of conscience, equal rights for women, and economic rights including minimum wages and land reform. This resolution provided the ideological foundation for India's constitutional goals.
Which Indian leader was executed by the British shortly before the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, causing public anger at Gandhi for not demanding a stay of execution?
Correct Answer: B. Bhagat Singh
Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev were executed by the British on March 23, 1931 — less than three weeks after the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5. Many Indians were outraged that Gandhi had not used the pact negotiations to demand commutation of their death sentences. Gandhi maintained that he could not hold the peace of a nation to ransom for the lives of individuals, though he did appeal to Lord Irwin.
Who threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi in 1929 to protest the Public Safety Bill?
Correct Answer: B. Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt
Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw non-lethal bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly, Delhi, on April 8, 1929, and courted arrest. They intended to make a dramatic political statement against the repressive Public Safety Bill. Their slogan 'Inquilab Zindabad' (Long Live the Revolution) became iconic in India's freedom struggle.
What does 'Non-Cooperation' specifically mean in Gandhi's political philosophy?
Correct Answer: B. Withdrawing cooperation from British institutions and governance
Non-cooperation, in Gandhi's political philosophy, meant withdrawing Indian cooperation from British colonial institutions — courts, schools, councils, and the use of British goods. Gandhi argued that British rule survived only because Indians cooperated with it, and that if Indians withdrew cooperation, the system would collapse of its own weight. This was a fundamentally different strategy from petitioning or armed resistance.
Which of the following statements about the Poona Pact is correct?
Correct Answer: B. It increased reserved seats for depressed classes beyond what the Communal Award offered
The Poona Pact of September 24, 1932 actually increased the number of reserved seats for depressed classes from 71 (under the Communal Award) to 148 in provincial legislatures. In exchange for this increase, B.R. Ambedkar agreed to abandon the demand for separate electorates. Gandhi ended his fast-unto-death after the pact was signed.
The Non-Cooperation Movement was the first movement in which Gandhi became the undisputed leader of the Indian National Congress. Who had been the dominant Congress leader before Gandhi?
Correct Answer: B. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Before Gandhi's rise to dominance, Bal Gangadhar Tilak had been the most influential mass leader in the Congress. Tilak, who died on August 1, 1920, had pioneered mass political mobilisation through the Ganesh Festival and the Shivaji Festival. Gandhi inherited and transformed this legacy, scaling up mass participation to an unprecedented level with the Non-Cooperation Movement.
The 'Hind Swaraj' pamphlet (1909) that articulated Gandhi's vision of self-rule was written during his voyage from:
Correct Answer: B. England to South Africa
Gandhi wrote 'Hind Swaraj' (Indian Home Rule) in 1909 during his voyage from England to South Africa. This pamphlet articulated Gandhi's critique of modern civilisation and his vision of true swaraj based on self-discipline, village life, and moral values. It remains one of the key texts for understanding Gandhi's political philosophy.
The Civil Disobedience Movement's slogan was associated with which of Gandhi's demands to Viceroy Irwin?
Correct Answer: A. Abolish salt tax and grant Purna Swaraj
Gandhi's letter to Viceroy Irwin (March 2, 1930) listed 11 demands, the most prominent being abolition of the salt tax. When Irwin refused to meet these demands, Gandhi launched the Dandi March as the first act of the Civil Disobedience Movement. The broader goal remained Purna Swaraj (complete independence) as declared at Lahore in December 1929.
By how many days did the Dandi March last from start to end at Dandi?
Correct Answer: C. 24 days
The Dandi March lasted 24 days, from March 12 to April 5, 1930, when Gandhi arrived at Dandi. Gandhi picked up salt at Dandi on the morning of April 6, 1930. The 24-day march covered approximately 241 miles through dozens of villages in Gujarat, with thousands joining along the route.