Non-Cooperation & Civil Disobedience — Set 6
National Movement · असहयोग और सविनय अवज्ञा · Questions 51–60 of 200
Which newspaper proprietor and nationalist leader described the Dandi March as more important than Napoleon's retreat from Moscow?
Correct Answer: D. Sarojini Naidu
Sarojini Naidu, the poet and nationalist leader, is famously associated with the Dandi March as one of its celebrated participants and commentators. She later led the raid on Dharasana Salt Works after Gandhi's arrest. The Dandi March was recognised internationally as a masterpiece of political theatre and nonviolent resistance.
After Gandhi's arrest following the Dandi March, who led the raid on Dharasana Salt Works?
Correct Answer: B. Sarojini Naidu
After Gandhi was arrested on May 4, 1930, Sarojini Naidu led the famous raid on the Dharasana Salt Works in Gujarat. The non-violent protesters were brutally beaten by the police but refused to retaliate. The American journalist Webb Miller's eyewitness account of the beating shocked the world and brought international attention to India's freedom struggle.
The Civil Disobedience Movement was primarily a movement against:
Correct Answer: C. British colonial economic exploitation (symbolised by salt tax)
The Civil Disobedience Movement was primarily directed against British colonial economic exploitation, symbolised by the salt tax. Gandhi chose the salt issue because the salt monopoly was a particularly visible example of how the British taxed basic necessities while draining India's wealth. The broader movement also opposed other forms of colonial economic control.
In which city did Gandhi sign the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931?
Correct Answer: C. Delhi
The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in Delhi on March 5, 1931, after several weeks of negotiations between Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin. The pact led to the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Gandhi's critics, including Bhagat Singh's supporters, were disappointed that Gandhi did not demand commutation of Bhagat Singh's death sentence during these negotiations.
The Second Round Table Conference (1931) failed mainly because of disagreements over:
Correct Answer: C. Minority representation and safeguards
The Second Round Table Conference of 1931 failed primarily because of disagreements over minority representation and safeguards, particularly between Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar over the status of depressed classes, and between Gandhi and Muslim League leaders over separate electorates. Gandhi's insistence that the Congress represented all Indians was also challenged. Gandhi returned from London without any agreement.
Who was the British Prime Minister during the Round Table Conferences (1930–32)?
Correct Answer: C. Ramsay MacDonald
Ramsay MacDonald was the British Prime Minister during all three Round Table Conferences (1930–32). He presided over the conferences and later announced the controversial Communal Award of 1932 that granted separate electorates to depressed classes. Gandhi opposed the Communal Award, leading to the Poona Pact crisis.
The 'Communal Award' of 1932 was announced by:
Correct Answer: C. Ramsay MacDonald
The Communal Award was announced by British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald on August 16, 1932. It provided for separate electorates for various communities including Muslims, Sikhs, depressed classes (Dalits), and others. Gandhi strongly opposed separate electorates for depressed classes as he believed it would permanently divide Hindu society, leading to his fast-unto-death.
The Non-Cooperation Movement united which two religious communities against British rule?
Correct Answer: C. Hindus and Muslims
The Non-Cooperation Movement successfully united Hindus and Muslims against British rule through the Khilafat alliance. This represented the high point of Hindu-Muslim political unity in the pre-independence period. However, this unity gradually broke down after the collapse of the Khilafat Movement and communal tensions in the mid-1920s.
The Non-Cooperation Movement asked lawyers to boycott British courts. Which famous lawyer initially opposed but later joined this call?
Correct Answer: C. Vallabhbhai Patel
Vallabhbhai Patel gave up his lucrative legal practice to join the Non-Cooperation Movement. C.R. Das also gave up his highly successful legal career to join the movement. The willingness of wealthy lawyers to sacrifice their incomes demonstrated the movement's broad appeal and the depth of nationalist commitment.
What was the specific village in Gorakhpur district where the 1922 violence occurred that caused Gandhi to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Correct Answer: C. Chauri Chaura
Chauri Chaura was a market town in Gorakhpur district, United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh). On February 4, 1922, a mob of protestors, returning from a march, clashed with police who had attacked them. The mob then set fire to the police station, killing 22 policemen. This incident led Gandhi to immediately call off the Non-Cooperation Movement.