Non-Cooperation & Civil Disobedience — Set 9
National Movement · असहयोग और सविनय अवज्ञा · Questions 81–90 of 200
The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was Gandhi's first experiment with satyagraha in India. It was against:
Correct Answer: B. Forced indigo cultivation (Tinkathia system)
The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was Gandhi's first application of satyagraha in India. It was against the Tinkathia system in which peasants in Champaran, Bihar, were forced by British planters to cultivate indigo on 3/20th of their land and sell it at fixed low prices. Gandhi's investigation and resistance led to the abolition of this exploitative system.
Which movement of 1918 in Gujarat was related to a peasant struggle over land revenue during floods?
Correct Answer: B. Kheda Satyagraha
The Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 was Gandhi's second major experiment with satyagraha in India. When crops failed due to floods in Kheda district of Gujarat, Gandhi supported the peasants' demand that land revenue be suspended. The British eventually conceded the substance of the peasants' demand.
The 'Tilak Swaraj Fund' raised during the Non-Cooperation Movement was named after:
Correct Answer: A. B.G. Tilak who had just died in 1920
The Tilak Swaraj Fund was named after Bal Gangadhar Tilak who died on August 1, 1920 — just as the Non-Cooperation Movement was being launched. The fund raised one crore rupees to support the movement. Tilak had been a pioneer of mass political mobilisation through festivals and the Swadeshi Movement before Gandhi.
Which British act of 1919 introduced 'dyarchy' (dual government) at the provincial level?
Correct Answer: B. Government of India Act 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms)
The Government of India Act 1919, based on the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, introduced dyarchy at the provincial level. Under dyarchy, provincial subjects were divided into 'transferred' subjects (under Indian ministers) and 'reserved' subjects (under the British Governor). Congress considered this inadequate and used it as another reason to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement.
The Non-Cooperation Movement's alliance with the Khilafat Movement is historically significant because:
Correct Answer: B. It was the first time Hindus and Muslims cooperated on a mass political platform
The Non-Cooperation–Khilafat alliance was historically significant as the first time Hindus and Muslims cooperated on a mass political platform in India. Gandhi saw the Khilafat cause as an opportunity to build Hindu-Muslim unity against British rule. This period (1920–22) represented the high watermark of communal harmony in pre-independence India.
Which three Round Table Conferences were held between 1930 and 1932?
Correct Answer: B. All in London at St. James's Palace
All three Round Table Conferences were held in London at St. James's Palace. The First was from November 1930 to January 1931, the Second from September to December 1931, and the Third from November to December 1932. These conferences were convened to discuss India's constitutional future but produced few concrete outcomes.
The Third Round Table Conference (1932) was attended by which party?
Correct Answer: C. Neither Congress nor any major party
The Third Round Table Conference of 1932 was boycotted by the Indian National Congress and was not attended by any major Indian political party of consequence. Gandhi and Congress leaders were in jail during the Second Civil Disobedience Movement. The conference was thus largely inconsequential and its recommendations led to the Government of India Act 1935.
The Civil Disobedience Movement was significant in terms of women's participation because:
Correct Answer: B. Women participated in mass civil disobedience for the first time
The Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930 saw Indian women participating in mass political protest and civil disobedience for the first time on a large scale. Women picketed shops, violated salt laws, courted arrest, and went to prison. This participation was a transformative moment for Indian women's political awakening and emancipation.
Which leader was described as a 'one-man boundary force' for maintaining peace during Partition but who, during the CDM, was known as a mass mobiliser?
Correct Answer: D. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, known as the Frontier Gandhi or Badshah Khan, raised the Khudai Khidmatgar (Servants of God) movement among Pashtuns of the North-West Frontier Province. His followers, known as the 'Red Shirts,' were devout Muslims who adopted Gandhian nonviolence. During the CDM, the Khudai Khidmatgars participated actively, showing the movement's reach beyond Hindu-majority areas.
The 'Purna Swaraj' flag hoisted on January 26, 1930 had which colours?
Correct Answer: A. Saffron, white and green
The tricolour flag with saffron, white, and green — with a spinning wheel (charkha) in the centre — was hoisted on January 26, 1930, when Indians celebrated the first Purna Swaraj Day. This flag, designed in 1921, symbolised Hindu-Muslim unity and the Gandhian constructive programme. It was later modified with the Ashoka Chakra replacing the charkha when India became independent.