Non-Cooperation & Civil Disobedience — Set 17
National Movement · असहयोग और सविनय अवज्ञा · Questions 161–170 of 200
The Non-Cooperation Movement was a response to which two specific events of 1919?
Correct Answer: B. Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Rowlatt Act
The Non-Cooperation Movement was primarily a response to two events of 1919: the Rowlatt Act (passed in March 1919, allowing detention without trial) and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (April 13, 1919). Together these events convinced Gandhi that working within the British system was futile and that mass nonviolent non-cooperation was necessary. The Khilafat issue added the Muslim dimension to the movement.
The Dandi March has been compared to which famous march in world history for its political impact?
Correct Answer: A. Mao Zedong's Long March
The Dandi March is often compared to Mao Zedong's Long March (1934–35) for its political and symbolic impact, though they were fundamentally different in nature — Gandhi's was peaceful while Mao's was a military retreat that became legendary. Both are considered among the most significant marches in modern political history. The Dandi March inspired civil rights movements worldwide, including in the United States.
How did the British government officially respond to the Second Round Table Conference's failure?
Correct Answer: B. They announced the Communal Award (1932)
Following the failure of the Second Round Table Conference in December 1931, British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald announced the Communal Award on August 16, 1932. This announced separate electorates for various communities. Gandhi was already in prison during the Second Civil Disobedience Movement when he began his fast-unto-death against the Communal Award's provisions for depressed classes.
Which daily newspaper most closely covered and supported Gandhi's Civil Disobedience Movement internationally?
Correct Answer: B. Manchester Guardian
The Manchester Guardian was among the most sympathetic British newspapers in its coverage of Gandhi's Civil Disobedience Movement, publishing critical reports about British repression. International press coverage generally favoured the Indian protesters after the Dharasana incident. This international sympathy was an important asset for India's independence movement and weakened British public support for harsh policies.
Which of Gandhi's 11 demands related to the Arms Act?
Correct Answer: A. Abolish the Arms Act that prohibited Indians from carrying arms for self-defence
One of Gandhi's 11 demands was the repeal or amendment of the Arms Act, which restricted the right of Indians to possess arms for self-defence. The Arms Act of 1878 had symbolically disarmed the Indian population after the 1857 revolt. Gandhi's demand was that Indians should have the same right to bear arms as British subjects elsewhere in the Empire.
The Swaraj Party contested elections in 1923 to enter legislative councils. What was their stated objective inside the councils?
Correct Answer: C. Obstruct and make British governance difficult from within — 'responsive cooperation or consistent obstruction'
The Swaraj Party, led by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru, entered the legislative councils in 1923 with the stated objective of 'consistent obstruction' — making British governance difficult by rejecting budget proposals, refusing to pass legislation, and exposing the limitations of dyarchy. They coined the phrase 'responsive cooperation or consistent obstruction.' The Swarajists achieved significant successes in blocking government measures.
The Karachi Resolution of 1931 is considered a foundational document because:
Correct Answer: B. It outlined fundamental rights and economic policy for a future independent India
The Karachi Resolution of March 1931 is considered a foundational document for India's constitutional and economic vision. It outlined fundamental rights including free speech, freedom of religion, equal rights for women, universal adult suffrage, and economic rights including minimum wages, labour protections, and land reforms. Historians see it as the precursor to the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution.
During the Non-Cooperation Movement, students boycotted government institutions. National Vidyalayas (schools) were set up as alternatives. Who played a key role in establishing such national institutions?
Correct Answer: B. Congress leaders at provincial level, including C.R. Das in Bengal
Congress leaders at the provincial level, especially C.R. Das in Bengal, played key roles in establishing national vidyalayas (schools) as alternatives to government institutions during the Non-Cooperation Movement. However, most of these institutions faced financial difficulties and many students eventually returned to government schools after the movement was suspended. The effort showed both the movement's aspirations and its practical limitations.
Gandhi's approach to the freedom struggle was fundamentally different from the earlier 'Extremist' leaders like Tilak. How?
Correct Answer: C. Gandhi added a moral and constructive dimension — the means were as important as the ends
Gandhi's fundamental difference from earlier Extremists like Tilak lay in his insistence that the means were as important as the ends — that India's freedom must be won through morally pure, nonviolent methods. Tilak was not averse to emotional mobilisation that could turn violent. Gandhi's constructive programme added a dimension of social and moral renewal to the freedom struggle, not merely political independence from Britain.
The Civil Disobedience Movement witnessed mass picketing of:
Correct Answer: B. Liquor shops and foreign cloth shops
The Civil Disobedience Movement saw mass picketing of liquor shops (to reduce British excise revenue and fight the social evil of alcoholism) and foreign cloth shops (to promote Indian khadi). These two targets combined economic boycott with social reform. Women were particularly active in picketing both types of establishments, making the CDM a major turning point in women's political participation.