Partition of Bengal & Swadeshi — Set 9
National Movement · बंगाल विभाजन और स्वदेशी · Questions 81–90 of 160
What was the major cultural contribution of Abanindranath Tagore to the Swadeshi movement?
Correct Answer: B. He created the image of Bharat Mata inspiring nationalist sentiment
Abanindranath Tagore (nephew of Rabindranath Tagore) created the iconic painting of 'Bharat Mata' (Mother India) that became a powerful symbol of Indian nationalism. The painting showed India as a goddess holding books, grains, cloth and prayer beads. It inspired nationalist sentiment during the Swadeshi movement. The image became one of the most recognizable symbols of Indian nationalism.
Who was Lala Lajpat Rai's father and what was his influence?
Correct Answer: B. He was a Persian and Urdu teacher who inspired Lala's love for learning
Lala Lajpat Rai's father Radha Kishan was a Persian and Urdu teacher who inspired his son's love for learning. Lajpat Rai grew up with exposure to both religious and secular education. He was deeply influenced by the Arya Samaj founded by Dayananda Saraswati. His educational background gave him the ability to write and speak effectively for the nationalist cause.
Which organization did Bipin Chandra Pal found in association with the Swadeshi movement?
Correct Answer: C. National Council of Education
Bipin Chandra Pal was involved with the National Council of Education that was established in 1906 as part of the Swadeshi movement. The Council aimed to provide education free from British control. Pal was also associated with the Bengal National College. He traveled extensively promoting Swadeshi and national education throughout India.
What were the four main methods of the Swadeshi program?
Correct Answer: B. Swaraj, Swadeshi, Boycott, National Education
The four main methods of the Swadeshi program were Swaraj (self-rule), Swadeshi (Indian goods), Boycott (of British goods) and National Education (Indian-controlled education). These were formally adopted at the Calcutta Congress in 1906. The four-point program marked a shift to more assertive nationalism. It provided a comprehensive economic and political framework for the independence movement.
What was the reaction of the British to the anti-partition movement?
Correct Answer: B. They used repressive measures including sedition laws
The British used repressive measures including sedition laws to suppress the anti-partition movement. Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal were prosecuted. The government banned public meetings and publications. Despite the repression the movement continued to grow and eventually forced the annulment of the partition in 1911.
Who was the editor of the revolutionary journal 'Sandhya' in Bengal?
Correct Answer: C. Brahmabandhav Upadhyay
Brahmabandhav Upadhyay edited the revolutionary nationalist journal 'Sandhya' in Bengal. The journal spread revolutionary ideas and was critical of British rule. Upadhyay was a former Catholic priest who became a Hindu nationalist. He was arrested for sedition because of articles published in Sandhya.
What was the contribution of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay to the Swadeshi movement?
Correct Answer: B. His earlier writing provided the ideological foundation
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's earlier writing provided the ideological foundation for the Swadeshi movement. He wrote the novel 'Anandamath' with the song 'Vande Mataram' in 1882 before the partition. His literary works promoted Hindu nationalist sentiments and love for the motherland. Though he died in 1894 before the Swadeshi movement, his work became its cultural foundation.
Which Indian leader later described the Swadeshi movement as 'the first mass movement in modern India'?
Correct Answer: C. Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi described the Swadeshi movement as one of the first mass movements in modern India. Gandhi recognized that the Swadeshi movement had established the template of mass economic protest that he would later use in his own campaigns. His promotion of khadi and cottage industries was directly inspired by the Swadeshi movement. Gandhi acknowledged his debt to the Swadeshi tradition.
Who succeeded Lord Curzon as Viceroy of India?
Correct Answer: A. Lord Minto
Lord Minto succeeded Lord Curzon as Viceroy of India in 1905 after Curzon's resignation. Curzon had resigned following a dispute with Lord Kitchener over military command. Minto later introduced the Minto-Morley Reforms of 1909 which increased Indian representation but also introduced separate electorates for Muslims. Minto maintained the Bengal Partition despite nationalist protests.
What was the attitude of the Indian National Congress towards the Swadeshi movement in 1905?
Correct Answer: B. Initial cautious support becoming stronger endorsement
The Indian National Congress initially gave cautious support to the Swadeshi movement at the Banaras session of 1905. By the Calcutta session of 1906 the Congress formally endorsed Swadeshi, Boycott, Swaraj and National Education. The moderate leadership was cautious but the extremist faction pushed for stronger measures. The Congress support legitimized the Swadeshi movement and gave it national scope.