DPSP & Duties — Set 1
Indian Polity · नीति निदेशक और कर्तव्य · Questions 1–10 of 70
The 'Instrument of Instructions' contained in the Government of India Act, 1935 resembles which part of the Indian Constitution?
Correct Answer: D. Directive Principles of State Policy
• **Instrument of Instructions** = the 1935 Act's guidelines that inspired India's DPSP. • **GoI Act 1935** — directives to Governor General were re-cast as directives to the State in Part IV. • 💡 Fundamental Rights are justiciable (not advisory); Preamble is an ideal (not instructions); Fundamental Duties came via 42nd Amendment (1976), not from 1935 Act.
Which committee recommended the inclusion of a separate chapter on Fundamental Duties in the Constitution?
Correct Answer: B. Swaran Singh Committee
• **Swaran Singh Committee** = 1976 body formed by Indira Gandhi that proposed Fundamental Duties. • **42nd Amendment, 1976** — added Part IV-A (Article 51A) with 10 duties based on this report. • 💡 Sarkaria Commission dealt with Centre-State relations; Verma Committee (1999) reviewed implementation of duties, not their inclusion; Balwant Rai Mehta Committee dealt with Panchayati Raj.
Article 39(d) of the Indian Constitution directs the State to secure?
Correct Answer: B. Equal pay for equal work for both men and women
• **Article 39(d)** = equal pay for equal work for both men and women. • **Socialist DPSP** — backed by Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 to curb wage discrimination. • 💡 Livelihood (39-a) is separate from equal pay; wealth concentration is 39(c); child-youth protection is 39(e)/39(f).
Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A?
Correct Answer: C. To pay taxes
• **Paying taxes** = NOT a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A. • **Article 51A** — has 11 duties; tax-paying was suggested by Swaran Singh Committee but rejected. • 💡 Respect Flag, safeguard public property, develop scientific temper are all in 51A; only 'pay taxes' is the non-duty among the four options.
The concept of 'Co-operative Societies' was given constitutional status and protection by which Amendment Act?
Correct Answer: D. 97th Amendment Act
• **97th Amendment** = gave constitutional status to co-operative societies in 2011. • **Article 43B** — new DPSP added; 'co-operatives' also inserted in Article 19(1)(c) as fundamental right. • 💡 44th Amendment (1978) removed Right to Property; 42nd Amendment (1976) added duties and DPSP principles; 86th Amendment (2002) dealt with education.
According to Article 37, the Directive Principles are?
Correct Answer: D. Fundamental in the governance of the country
• **Article 37** = declares DPSP 'fundamental in the governance of the country'. • **Non-justiciable** — cannot be enforced by courts but State has duty to apply them while law-making. • 💡 They are NOT absolute rights (Part III covers rights); not enforceable by writs since non-justiciable; not justiciable in courts — that is the Fundamental Rights (Part III) feature.
Which Directive Principle was added by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976?
Correct Answer: D. Free legal aid to the poor
• **Article 39A** = equal justice and free legal aid to the poor, added by 42nd Amendment. • **42nd Amendment 1976** — added 4 DPSPs: 39A, 39(f), 43A, 48A. • 💡 Separation of judiciary (Art 50) was in the original Constitution; Village Panchayats (Art 40) is original; Uniform Civil Code (Art 44) is also original, not added by 42nd Amendment.
The Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution are applicable to?
Correct Answer: B. Only Indian citizens
• **Article 51A** = Fundamental Duties apply ONLY to Indian citizens. • **Citizen-specific** — unlike Art 14 or Art 21 which cover all persons including foreigners. • 💡 MPs are citizens but duties don't restrict to them alone; foreigners are excluded (not 'all persons'); duties apply to all citizens, not just government employees.
Who described the Directive Principles as a 'cheque on a bank, payable only when the resources of the bank permit'?
Correct Answer: B. K.T. Shah
• **K.T. Shah** = called DPSP 'a cheque on a bank, payable only when resources permit'. • **Critique** — highlights non-justiciable, resource-dependent nature of Part IV. • 💡 Granville Austin called them 'conscience of Constitution' (positive, not cheque); Ambedkar called them 'novel features'; K.C. Wheare called them 'manifesto of aims and aspirations'.
Which Article of the DPSP reflects the Gandhian principle of promoting cottage industries?
Correct Answer: D. Article 43
• **Article 43** = promote cottage industries on individual/co-operative basis in rural areas. • **Gandhian DPSP** — reflects Gandhi's ideal of rural self-reliance and village economy. • 💡 Article 42 = just-humane work conditions and maternity relief (not cottage industries); Article 44 = Uniform Civil Code; Article 41 = right to work/education/public assistance.