DPSP & Duties — Set 4

Correct Answer: D. Article 42

• **Article 42** = just and humane conditions of work, maternity relief. • **Socialist DPSP** — basis for Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 (amended 2017 to 26 weeks leave). • 💡 Article 41 = right to work/education/public assistance; Article 44 = Uniform Civil Code; Article 43 = living wage and cottage industries — only Article 42 covers maternity relief.

Correct Answer: B. Abjure violence

• **Article 51A(i)** = safeguard public property and abjure violence. • **Dual duty** — 'abjure' means to formally renounce; links to Prevention of Damage to Public Property Act, 1984. • 💡 Follow religious rituals is not a duty; support ruling party is not constitutional; voting is not listed as 51A(i) — only 'abjure violence' pairs with public property protection.

Correct Answer: A. Four

• **42nd Amendment, 1976** = added 4 new DPSPs to the original list. • **New DPSPs** — 39(f) child health, 39A free legal aid, 43A worker participation, 48A environment. • 💡 The count is four, not five, three, or two — only 39(f), 39A, 43A and 48A were added by 42nd Amendment to DPSP.

Correct Answer: B. Article 43B

• **Article 43B** = promote co-operative societies, added by 97th Amendment in 2011. • **Voluntary + autonomous + democratic** — the four pillars 97th Amendment mandates for co-ops. • 💡 Article 40 is about Village Panchayats; Article 45 is early childhood care; Article 46 is SC/ST/weaker-section uplift — none were the co-operatives addition.

Correct Answer: B. Political and moral sanction

• **Political and moral sanction** = main enforcement mechanism behind DPSP. • **Non-justiciable** — courts cannot compel enforcement under Article 37. • 💡 Legal sanction does not apply (non-justiciable); military and international sanctions are irrelevant to domestic constitutional principles.

Correct Answer: A. Article 51A(h)

• **Article 51A(h)** = develop scientific temper, humanism and spirit of inquiry and reform. • **Nehruvian idea** — 'scientific temper' was coined by Jawaharlal Nehru in 'Discovery of India'. • 💡 51A(d) = defend country and render national service; 51A(g) = protect environment; 51A(j) = strive for excellence — only 51A(h) mentions scientific temper.

Correct Answer: A. Opportunities for healthy development of children

• **Article 39(f)** = opportunities for healthy development of children, added by 42nd Amendment. • **Child welfare DPSP** — protects childhood and youth from exploitation and moral/material abandonment. • 💡 Equal justice for poor is Article 39A; worker participation is Article 43A; environment protection is Article 48A — all four added by 42nd Amendment but only 39(f) on children's healthy development.

Correct Answer: B. Uniform Civil Code

• **Article 44 (UCC)** = Liberal-Intellectual DPSP category. • **Liberal-Intellectual group** — also includes Art 45 (education), Art 48 (agriculture on scientific lines), Art 50 (judiciary separation), Art 51 (international peace). • 💡 Organization of Village Panchayats (Art 40) is Gandhian; Prohibition of Liquor (Art 47) is Gandhian; Promotion of Cottage Industries (Art 43) is Gandhian — none of these are Liberal-Intellectual.

Correct Answer: C. Socialist, Gandhian, Liberal-Intellectual

• **Three DPSP categories** = Socialist, Gandhian, Liberal-Intellectual. • **Scholarly classification** — Constitution itself has no such formal division; it is a study aid. • 💡 Democratic/Republic/Sovereign are Preamble terms; Federal/Unitary/Quasi-federal describe state structure; Capitalist/Socialist/Mixed are economic models — only Socialist, Gandhian, Liberal-Intellectual is the DPSP classification.

Correct Answer: C. Article 51

• **Article 51** = promote international peace, just-honourable inter-state relations. • **Liberal-Intellectual DPSP** — also respects international law, treaty obligations, arbitration for disputes. • 💡 Article 50 = judiciary-executive separation (domestic); Article 49 = protect monuments; Article 51A is Fundamental Duties (not international relations).