DPSP & Duties — Set 5

Correct Answer: A. Foreigners living in India

• **Foreigners excluded** = Fundamental Duties apply only to Indian citizens. • **Article 51A scope** — duties bind citizens in India and abroad; Art 14/21 bind State towards all persons. • 💡 Indian citizens in India are bound; government servants (being citizens) are bound; Indian citizens abroad are also bound — only foreigners in India are excluded.

Correct Answer: B. 6 to 14 years

• **86th Amendment** = inserted Article 21A for free/compulsory education, ages 6-14. • **Three changes in 2002** — Art 21A (FR), Art 45 redefined (under-6 care), Art 51A(k) added (parent duty). • 💡 0-6 years is the pre-primary care age (Art 45); 6-18 is not covered; 5-14 is not the constitutional bracket — only 6-14 is the Article 21A window.

Correct Answer: A. Article 51A(j)

• **Article 51A(j)** = strive towards excellence in all individual and collective activities. • **Excellence duty** — aims at constant national rise to higher endeavour and achievement. • 💡 51A(i) = safeguard public property/abjure violence; 51A(a) = respect Constitution; 51A(f) = value and preserve composite culture — only 51A(j) covers excellence.

Correct Answer: A. Fundamental Rights are superior to DPSP

• **Champakam Dorairajan (1951)** = FR prevail over DPSP in case of conflict. • **First Amendment, 1951** — followed this verdict, adding Article 15(4) to allow SC/ST reservation. • 💡 'Both equal' is not the ruling; 'DPSP superior' is the opposite; 'DPSP cannot be amended' is untrue — only 'FR are superior' reflects the 1951 verdict.

Correct Answer: C. Article 39(c)

• **Article 39(c)** = prevent concentration of wealth and means of production to common detriment. • **Socialist DPSP pair** — 39(b) distributes material resources for common good; 39(c) stops monopoly. • 💡 Article 43 = living wage and cottage industries; Article 38 = social/economic/political justice; Article 39(b) = resource distribution — only 39(c) specifically prevents wealth concentration.

Correct Answer: C. Fundamental Duty

• **Article 51A(b)** = cherish and follow noble ideals of the national freedom struggle. • **Fundamental Duty** — covers non-violence, unity, sacrifice, self-respect embodied by leaders. • 💡 It is not a Fundamental Right (Part III); not a legal/statutory right; not a Directive Principle (Part IV) — only as a Fundamental Duty (Part IV-A) is this directive placed.

Correct Answer: C. Article 39

• **Article 39(b) and (c)** = used to justify Zamindari abolition and land reforms. • **1st Amendment, 1951** — added Ninth Schedule to shield land reform laws from judicial review. • 💡 Article 50 is judicial separation; Article 40 is Village Panchayats; Article 44 is UCC — none were used for Zamindari abolition justification.

Correct Answer: A. The whole territory of India

• **Article 44 (UCC)** = applies to whole territory of India for all citizens. • **Uniform Civil Code** — aims to replace religion-based personal laws with a common civil code. • 💡 Not confined to Union Territories; not only for government employees; not only for Hindu citizens — UCC under Article 44 targets the entire territory of India.

Correct Answer: C. A social order promoted by justice social, economic and political

• **Article 38** = social order promoted by justice—social, economic, political. • **Welfare State keystone** — cornerstone DPSP that echoes the Preamble's commitment. • 💡 Not a religious order; not a capitalist order; not caste-based society — only 'justice-driven social order' fits Article 38.

Correct Answer: D. Article 39A

• **Article 39A** = free legal aid to ensure justice despite economic/other disabilities. • **42nd Amendment, 1976** — added 39A; NALSA Act, 1987 operationalised the principle. • 💡 Article 38 = welfare state; Article 43A = worker participation; Article 41 = right to work/education — only Article 39A specifies free legal aid.