DPSP & Duties — Set 7

Correct Answer: A. Swaran Singh Committee

• **Swaran Singh Committee** = recommended Fundamental Duties in 1976. • **Emergency panel** — set up by Indira Gandhi's Congress government; suggested new Part IV-A. • 💡 Sarkaria Commission (1988) — Centre-State relations; Mandal Commission — OBC reservation; Verma Committee (1999) — implementation of duties, not their creation.

Correct Answer: D. No, non-justiciable

• **DPSP = non-justiciable** = cannot be enforced by courts for violation. • **Article 37** — still fundamental in governance; State has duty to apply them in law-making. • 💡 Fully justiciable is the feature of FR; justiciable only in SC is not a concept; partially justiciable is not constitutional usage — only fully non-justiciable is correct.

Correct Answer: B. Part IV-A

• **Part IV-A** = deals exclusively with Fundamental Duties. • **Single Article 51A** — inserted by 42nd Amendment in 1976. • 💡 Part V is The Union (Executive/Parliament/Judiciary); Part III is Fundamental Rights; Part IV is DPSP — only Part IV-A covers duties.

Correct Answer: A. Education

• **Article 51A(k)** = 11th Fundamental Duty, added by 86th Amendment in 2002. • **Education duty** — parents/guardians must give educational opportunities to children aged 6-14. • 💡 Environment is 51A(g); taxes are not a duty; voting is a right under Article 326 — only education fits 51A(k).

Correct Answer: D. Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

• **Article 48** = organization of agriculture and animal husbandry. • **Gandhian DPSP** — modernise sectors on scientific lines; prohibit slaughter of cows/calves. • 💡 Health and sanitation fall under Article 47; industry/trade is not specifically Article 48; education/culture are separate — only agriculture/animal husbandry is Article 48.

Correct Answer: A. Article 39A

• **Article 39A** = equal justice and free legal aid to the poor. • **42nd Amendment, 1976** — added 39A; NALSA Act, 1987 operationalised the directive. • 💡 Article 40 is village panchayats; Article 38 is welfare state; Article 39 (without A) deals with livelihood/wealth — only 39A covers free legal aid.

Correct Answer: C. Environment, Forests and Wildlife

• **Article 48A** = protect environment, forests and wildlife. • **42nd Amendment, 1976** — added 48A; complements Fundamental Duty 51A(g). • 💡 SC and ST protection is Article 46; monuments are Article 49; children's development is Article 39(f) — only 48A covers environment/forest/wildlife.

Correct Answer: B. Welfare State

• **Welfare State** = nature of Indian State envisaged in DPSP. • **Economic + social democracy** — goes beyond political democracy under FR. • 💡 Laissez-faire State means minimal intervention (not India); Police State restricts liberty (colonial model); Authoritarian State is dictatorial — only Welfare State reflects DPSP vision.

Correct Answer: D. Men and Women both

• **Article 39(d)** = equal pay for equal work for both men and women. • **Socialist DPSP** — implemented via Equal Remuneration Act, 1976. • 💡 Women-only is restrictive; government-employees-only excludes private sector; men-only defeats the principle — only 'men and women both' reflects Article 39(d).

Correct Answer: D. 6 years

• **Article 45 (revised)** = early childhood care and education until age 6 years. • **86th Amendment, 2002** — shifted ages 6-14 to new Article 21A (FR); 45 now covers under-6. • 💡 14 years is now under Article 21A (FR); 21 and 18 years are not mentioned — only age 6 is the current Article 45 threshold.