DPSP & Duties — Set 3
Indian Polity · नीति निदेशक और कर्तव्य · Questions 21–30 of 70
Which amendment added the provision to 'minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities' to Article 38?
Correct Answer: A. 44th Amendment
• **44th Amendment, 1978** = added clause (2) to Article 38 on minimising inequalities. • **Article 38(2)** — State shall minimise income inequality; eliminate status/facility/opportunity gaps. • 💡 42nd Amendment (1976) added 39(f), 39A, 43A, 48A; 86th Amendment (2002) dealt with education; 73rd Amendment (1992) was on Panchayati Raj.
Which of the following principles is NOT explicitly mentioned in the DPSP?
Correct Answer: A. Adult franchise
• **Adult franchise** = Article 326 (Part XV, Elections), NOT a DPSP. • **DPSP scope** — covers socio-economic rights: liquor prohibition (47), right to work (41), maternity (42). • 💡 Prohibition of liquor is Article 47; Right to work is Article 41; Maternity relief is Article 42 — all three ARE in DPSP, only adult franchise is not.
The 'Sapru Committee' report of 1945 is significant for recommending?
Correct Answer: A. Separation of rights into Justiciable and Non-justiciable
• **Sapru Committee, 1945** = split rights into justiciable and non-justiciable. • **Foundation of Part III & IV** — justiciable went to FR; non-justiciable became DPSP. • 💡 Privy Purse abolition came via 26th Amendment (1971); Fundamental Duties came via 42nd Amendment (1976); formation of new Constitution was by Constituent Assembly, not Sapru report.
Article 43A, which provides for the participation of workers in the management of industries, was added by?
Correct Answer: A. 42nd Amendment Act
• **Article 43A** = workers' participation in management of industries. • **42nd Amendment, 1976** — added 43A as a socialist DPSP for industrial democracy. • 💡 44th Amendment (1978) added Article 38(2); 86th Amendment (2002) dealt with education; 91st Amendment (2003) dealt with anti-defection — none added 43A.
Fundamental Duties were incorporated in Part IV-A of the Constitution under?
Correct Answer: C. Article 51A
• **Part IV-A** = contains only Article 51A on Fundamental Duties. • **42nd Amendment, 1976** — inserted Part IV-A; 11th duty added by 86th Amendment (2002). • 💡 Article 52 is about President of India (Part V); Article 51 is international peace DPSP; Article 39A is free legal aid DPSP — only 51A is the Fundamental Duties article.
Which principle directs the State to promote the educational and economic interests of SCs, STs, and other weaker sections?
Correct Answer: B. Article 46
• **Article 46** = promote educational and economic interests of SC, ST, weaker sections. • **Socialist DPSP** — basis for reservation in educational institutions and employment. • 💡 Article 48 = agriculture and cow protection; Article 47 = nutrition and prohibition; Article 45 = early childhood care — none target SC/ST uplift specifically.
Which Fundamental Duty emphasizes the need to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women?
Correct Answer: B. Article 51A(e)
• **Article 51A(e)** = renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women. • **Social harmony duty** — promotes common brotherhood transcending religion, region, language, caste. • 💡 51A(a) = respect Constitution/Flag/Anthem; 51A(c) = uphold sovereignty/unity; 51A(g) = protect environment — only 51A(e) deals with dignity of women.
Article 48 directs the State to organize agriculture and animal husbandry on?
Correct Answer: B. Modern and scientific lines
• **Article 48** = organize agriculture and animal husbandry on modern, scientific lines. • **Gandhian DPSP** — also prohibits slaughter of cows, calves and other milch/draught cattle. • 💡 Purely organic lines is not the mandate; traditional/cultural lines is not mentioned; socialist/cooperative lines is not the phrasing — only 'modern and scientific' is in Article 48.
The concept of Fundamental Duties was borrowed from the constitution of?
Correct Answer: C. USSR (Soviet Union)
• **Source: USSR** = Fundamental Duties borrowed from erstwhile Soviet Constitution. • **Swaran Singh Committee, 1976** — modelled Part IV-A on socialist constitutional tradition. • 💡 USA gave us judicial review and impeachment; Canada inspired federal scheme; Ireland gave DPSP — none of these gave Fundamental Duties.
Who called the Directive Principles the 'novel features' of the Indian Constitution?
Correct Answer: B. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
• **Ambedkar** = called DPSP 'novel features' of the Indian Constitution. • **Social-economic democracy** — DPSP along with FR contain the philosophical core. • 💡 Rajendra Prasad was President of the Constituent Assembly (not this quote); Nehru gave Objectives Resolution; Sardar Patel handled integration of princely states — not known for this phrasing.