DPSP & Duties — Set 2
Indian Polity · नीति निदेशक और कर्तव्य · Questions 11–20 of 70
The protection and improvement of the environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife is directed by?
Correct Answer: D. Article 48A
• **Article 48A** = protect environment, safeguard forests and wildlife. • **42nd Amendment, 1976** — added 48A; complements Fundamental Duty 51A(g) on environment. • 💡 Article 49 = protect monuments (not environment); Article 51 = international peace; Article 50 = separation of judiciary from executive.
Which Constitutional Amendment reduced the age limit in Article 45 to 'below the age of six years'?
Correct Answer: C. 86th Amendment Act
• **86th Amendment** = 2002, redefined Article 45 to under-6 early childhood care. • **Article 45 vs 21A** — ages 6-14 moved to new Article 21A as Fundamental Right. • 💡 91st Amendment dealt with anti-defection Council of Ministers size; 44th Amendment (1978) removed Right to Property; 42nd Amendment (1976) added DPSP principles but not this age change.
The Verma Committee (1999) was appointed to identify?
Correct Answer: D. Legal provisions for Fundamental Duties
• **Verma Committee** = 1999 panel on legal provisions for Fundamental Duties. • **Justice J.S. Verma** — chaired; cited Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 as enforcement. • 💡 Sarkaria Commission (1988) dealt with Centre-State relations; Balwant Rai Mehta Committee dealt with Panchayat Raj; Swaran Singh Committee (1976) recommended inclusion of duties, not implementation.
Article 41 guarantees the right to work, to education, and to public assistance in cases of?
Correct Answer: B. Unemployment, old age, sickness, and disablement
• **Article 41** = right to work, education, public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness, disablement. • **Socialist DPSP** — basis for MGNREGA, IGNOAPS (old-age pension), and disability schemes. • 💡 Religious pilgrimage, foreign travel, and marriage/maternity are not listed in Article 41; maternity relief separately falls under Article 42.
The separation of the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State is prescribed by?
Correct Answer: D. Article 50
• **Article 50** = separation of judiciary from executive in public services of State. • **Liberal-Intellectual DPSP** — operationalised by CrPC, 1973 which separated magistracy. • 💡 Article 49 = protection of monuments; Article 51 = international peace; Article 48 = organization of agriculture and prohibition of cow slaughter.
Which Article directs the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living?
Correct Answer: B. Article 47
• **Article 47** = raise nutrition level and standard of living; prohibit intoxicants injurious to health. • **Gandhian DPSP** — basis for state-level liquor prohibition (Gujarat, Bihar) and public health policy. • 💡 Article 46 = promote SC/ST/weaker-section interests; Article 48 = agriculture and cow protection; Article 45 = early childhood care.
The 11th Fundamental Duty regarding education for children was added in which year?
Correct Answer: D. 2002
• **11th Fundamental Duty** = Article 51A(k), added in 2002. • **86th Amendment** — parents/guardians must give education to child aged 6-14 years. • 💡 1976 saw the 42nd Amendment adding original 10 duties; 1978 was the 44th Amendment (Right to Property removal); 2011 was the 97th Amendment (co-operatives).
Which part of the Constitution is described as the 'conscience of the Constitution' by Granville Austin?
Correct Answer: D. Fundamental Rights and DPSP
• **Granville Austin** = described FR + DPSP jointly as 'conscience of the Constitution'. • **Part III + Part IV** — rights and directives together embody constitutional morality and social revolution. • 💡 Preamble and Fundamental Duties are not together called 'conscience'; Emergency Provisions are Part XVIII (unrelated); Union-State Relations are in Part XI.
Article 49 imposes an obligation on the State to?
Correct Answer: D. Protect monuments and places of national importance
• **Article 49** = protect monuments, places and objects of national importance. • **Cultural DPSP** — basis for AMASR Act 1958 protecting 3,600+ centrally protected monuments. • 💡 Cow slaughter is Article 48; international peace is Article 51; organization of agriculture is also Article 48 — none relate to monument protection.
The Supreme Court ruled that the Indian Constitution is founded on the 'bedrock of balance' between Fundamental Rights and DPSP in which case?
Correct Answer: D. Minerva Mills case
• **Minerva Mills case (1980)** = Constitution stands on 'bedrock of balance' between FR and DPSP. • **Part III + Part IV** — struck down 42nd Amendment clauses that gave DPSP absolute primacy. • 💡 Champakam Dorairajan (1951) ruled FR supreme; Golaknath (1967) barred FR amendment; Kesavananda Bharati (1973) gave Basic Structure doctrine — not the 'bedrock of balance' phrase.