Social Reforms — Set 7

Correct Answer: B. Dayanand Saraswati

• Swami **Dayanand Saraswati** and the Arya Samaj are associated with the Shuddhi Movement. • It was a ritual to reconvert those who had converted to other religions back to Hinduism. • The movement aimed to consolidate the Hindu community. • 💡 **Ram Mohan Roy** = Brahmo Samaj, opposed idol worship not conversions; **Vivekananda** = Vedanta universalist; **Keshab Chandra Sen** = Brahmo reformer — **Dayanand Saraswati** led Shuddhi Movement via Arya Samaj.

Correct Answer: B. Christianity

• The Lex Loci Act of **1850 **protected the inheritance rights of people who converted to other religions (primarily **Christianity**). • Before this, losing one's religion meant losing property rights. • It was seen by many orthodox Hindus as a tool to encourage Christian proselytization. • 💡 **Sikhism** = Anand Marriage Act 1909 for Sikhs; **Hinduism** = conversion to Hinduism not legally regulated; **Islam** = Muslim Personal Law governs inheritance — Lex Loci 1850 protected converts to **Christianity**.

Correct Answer: D. B.R. Ambedkar

• **Dr. B.R. Ambedkar** founded the **All India Depressed Classes Association (1930)**. • Formed to demand **separate electorates** for Depressed Classes at the Round Table Conference. • Led to Communal Award 1932; later modified by Poona Pact (Ambedkar–Gandhi, 1932). • 💡 M.C. Rajah = rival Depressed Classes Federation; Gandhi = Harijan Sevak Sangh (1932); Jagjivan Ram = later Congress Dalit leader — All India Depressed Classes Association (1930) = B.R. Ambedkar.

Correct Answer: A. Vegetarian Party (Gurukul Section)

• **Gurukul section** of Arya Samaj, led by **Swami Shraddhanand**, revived the ancient Gurukul system. • Established **Gurukul Kangri** near Haridwar in **1902**. • This faction emphasized traditional Vedic education over Western-style college education. • 💡 Liberal Party; Moderate Party; College Party — internal Arya Samaj split was Gurukul vs College faction; Gurukul section led the revival.

Correct Answer: B. Lala Lajpat Rai

• **Lala Lajpat Rai** was the first President of the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) when it was founded in **1920**. • The AITUC was formed to organize workers and fight for their rights. • Rai linked the labor movement with the national freedom struggle. • 💡 **N.M. Joshi** = Social Service League founder, AITUC secretary; **C.R. Das** = INC leader; **B.G. Tilak** = nationalist not labour — **Lala Lajpat Rai** was first President of AITUC (1920).

Correct Answer: A. Dayanand Saraswati

• Swami **Dayanand Saraswati** wrote the 'Veda Bhashya' to interpret the Vedas. • He translated and commented on the Vedas to make them accessible to common people. • He believed the Vedas were the source of all true knowledge. • 💡 **Vivekananda** = Vedanta commentary, Complete Works; **Ram Mohan Roy** = translated Upanishads; **Aurobindo Ghosh** = The Life Divine — **Dayanand Saraswati** wrote Veda Bhashya commentary.

Correct Answer: D. Baba Dayal Das

• **Baba Dayal Das** founded the Nirankari movement in the **1840**s. • It emphasized the worship of God as 'Nirankar' (formless). • The movement sought to purge Sikhism of idol worship and Hindu rituals that had crept in. • 💡 **Baba Ram Singh** = founded Namdhari/Kuka movement; **Baba Balak Singh** = Namdhari precursor, Ram Singh's guru; **Ranjit Singh** = Sikh Empire ruler — **Baba Dayal Das** founded Nirankari movement 1840s.

Correct Answer: A. Baba Ram Singh

• **Baba Ram Singh** is credited with organizing the Namdhari or Kuka movement. • The Kukas were known for their white attire and strict moral code. • It eventually took a political turn against British rule. • 💡 **Baba Dayal Das** = Nirankari movement founder; **Kartar Singh Sarabha** = Ghadar Party revolutionary; **Baba Kharak Singh** = Akali leader — **Baba Ram Singh** led Namdhari/Kuka movement.

Correct Answer: A. Keshab Chandra Sen

• **Keshab Chandra Sen** was associated with the 'Indian Mirror', which started in **1861**. • It was the first Indian daily newspaper in English. • The journal advocated for social and political reforms in India. • 💡 **Ram Mohan Roy** = founded original Brahmo Samaj (1828); **Debendranath Tagore** = Tattvabodhini Sabha; **Vidyasagar** = widow remarriage champion — **Keshab Chandra Sen** was editor of Indian Mirror (1861).

Correct Answer: D. Keshab Chandra Sen

• The Sadharan Brahmo Samaj was formed by followers who left **Keshab Chandra Sen**'s group in **1878**. • The split occurred because Sen married off his underage daughter to a prince, violating his own reformist principles. • Leaders like Shivnath Shastri and Ananda Mohan Bose led the new group. • 💡 **Ramakrishna Paramhansa** = Vivekananda's guru, not Brahmo; **Ram Mohan Roy** = founded original Brahmo Samaj 1828; **Debendranath Tagore** = Adi Brahmo Samaj — **Keshab Chandra Sen** was left in 1878 split, Sadharan Brahmo Samaj formed.