Social Reforms — Set 9

Correct Answer: D. Periyar E.V. Ramasamy

• **Periyar E.V. Ramasamy** founded the **Self-Respect Movement** to fight Brahmin dominance. • Encouraged non-Brahmins to have **self-respect** and reject rituals performed by Brahmin priests. • Later formed Dravidar Kazhagam (1944); foundation for DMK (1949) politics. • 💡 C.N. Annadurai = founded DMK 1949; M.G. Ramachandran = AIADMK 1972; M. Karunanidhi = later DMK — Self-Respect Movement founded by Periyar E.V. Ramasamy.

Correct Answer: D. Tulsi Ram (Shiv Dayal Saheb)

• Tulsi Ram, also known as Shiv Dayal Saheb, founded the Radhasoami Satsang in **1861 **in Agra. • The movement emphasizes devotion to the guru and meditation on the 'Word' (Naam). • It accepts people from all castes and religions. • 💡 **Kirpal Singh** = later Radhasoami master, Sawan Ashram; **Charan Singh** = Beas Dera successor; **Swami Maharaj** = generic title — **Tulsi Ram (Shiv Dayal Saheb)** founded Radhasoami Satsang 1861.

Correct Answer: B. Haji Shariatullah

• **Haji Shariatullah** led the Faraizi Movement in Eastern Bengal in **1818**. • It was a religious reform movement aiming to purge un-Islamic practices. • His son Dudu Miyan later made it more political and agrarian. • 💡 **Syed Ahmed Barelvi** = Wahhabi/Jihad movement leader; **Titu Mir** = anti-indigo farmer revolt; **Sir Syed Ahmed Khan** = Aligarh Movement, modern education — **Haji Shariatullah** led Faraizi Movement 1818.

Correct Answer: A. Christian Missionaries

• The Calcutta Female Juvenile Society was founded in **1819 **by **Christian Missionaries** (Baptist Mission). • It was one of the earliest efforts to provide education to girls in Bengal. • Raja Ram Mohan Roy also supported such educational initiatives. • 💡 **Ram Mohan Roy** = supported girls' education but did not found this society; **J.E.D. Bethune** = Bethune School (1849); **David Hare** = Hindu College (1817) — **Christian Missionaries** (Baptist) founded Calcutta Female Juvenile Society 1819.

Correct Answer: C. 1849

• **Bethune School** = founded in Calcutta in **1849** by **J.E.D. Bethune**. • First powerful movement for **women's education** in Calcutta — government-backed. • Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was secretary; it later became Bethune College (1879). • 💡 1835 = Macaulay's Minute on education; 1828 = Brahmo Samaj; 1857 = Revolt — Bethune School founded in 1849.

Correct Answer: A. Dinabandhu Mitra

• **Dinabandhu Mitra** wrote the play 'Neel Darpan' (The Mirror of Indigo) in **1860**. • It vividly portrayed the exploitation of indigo farmers by British planters. • The play created a huge impact and helped mobilize public opinion against the planters. • 💡 **Michael Madhusudan Dutt** = Meghnadbadh Kavya, Bengali epic poetry; **Bankim Chandra Chatterjee** = Anandamath, Vande Mataram; **Rabindranath Tagore** = Gitanjali, Nobel 1913 — **Dinabandhu Mitra** wrote Neel Darpan 1860.

Correct Answer: C. Durgaram Manchharam

• **Durgaram Manchharam** and his associates founded the Manav Dharma Sabha in Surat in **1844**. • It was one of the earliest reform organizations in Gujarat. • It questioned caste barriers and idol worship. • 💡 **Karsandas Mulji** = exposed Maharajas scandal, Gujarati journalist; **Narmad** = Gujarati poet-reformer; **Dadabhai Naoroji** = Rast Goftar, Parsi reform — **Durgaram Manchharam** founded Manav Dharma Sabha 1844.

Correct Answer: C. Abdul Wahab of Arabia

• The Wahabi Movement in India was inspired by the teachings of **Abdul Wahab of Arabia** and Shah Waliullah of Delhi. • It was a revivalist movement that aimed to return to the pure Islam of the Prophet's time. • Syed Ahmed Barelvi was a prominent leader of this movement in India. • 💡 **Mirza Ghulam Ahmad** = Ahmadiyya Movement (1889); **Shah Waliullah** = earlier 18th-century Islamic reformer who influenced Wahhabism; **Sir Syed Ahmed Khan** = Aligarh modernist — Wahabi Movement inspired by **Abdul Wahab of Arabia**.

Correct Answer: A. Raja Ram Mohan Roy

• **Raja Ram Mohan Roy** is often called the 'Prophet of Indian Nationalism'. • His efforts to modernize society and demand political rights laid the foundation for the nationalist movement. • He was the first to articulate the grievances of Indians to the British. • 💡 **Gandhi** = Father of the Nation, mass movement leader; **Aurobindo** = revolutionary-turned-yogi; **Vivekananda** = spiritual nationalist — **Ram Mohan Roy** is called 'Prophet of Indian Nationalism'.

Correct Answer: D. Sadharan Brahmo Samaj

• Shivnath Shastri and Ananda Mohan Bose founded the **Sadharan Brahmo Samaj** in **1878**. • They broke away from Keshab Chandra Sen'sue to ideological differences. • Their organization was more democratic and active in social work. • 💡 **Brahmo Samaj of India** = Keshab Chandra Sen's faction (1866); **Adi Brahmo Samaj** = Debendranath Tagore's group; **Prarthana Samaj** = Maharashtra-based — **Sadharan Brahmo Samaj** founded by Shivnath Shastri and Ananda Mohan Bose (1878).