Social Reforms — Set 8

Correct Answer: B. Veeresalingam Pantulu

• Kandukuri **Veeresalingam Pantulu** established the Hitakarini Sabha in **1906**. • He donated his property to this organization to support widow remarriage and women's education. • He is regarded as the father of the renaissance in Telugu speaking areas. • 💡 **Gurajada Apparao** = Telugu playwright, Kanyasulkam; **Pottisriramulu** = fasted for Andhra state; **Kondade Venkatappaiah** = Andhra politician — **Veeresalingam Pantulu** founded Hitakarini Sabha 1906.

Correct Answer: D. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad

• **Mirza Ghulam Ahmad** founded the Ahmadiyya Movement in **1889 **at Qadian, Punjab. • It was a liberal movement that described itself as the standard-bearer of true Islam. • It advocated for universal religion and opposed Jihad. • 💡 **Sir Syed Ahmed Khan** = Aligarh Movement, MAO College; **Dudu Miyan** = son of Shariatullah, Faraizi Movement; **Shariatullah** = Faraizi Movement leader — **Mirza Ghulam Ahmad** founded Ahmadiyya 1889.

Correct Answer: C. Behramji Malabari

• **Behramji Malabari** and other Parsi reformers were associated with efforts like 'Stree Bodh' to improve the status of women. • 'Stree Bodh' was a journal started in **1857 **dedicated to Parsi women's social progress. • These efforts modernized the Parsi community significantly. • 💡 **K.R. Cama** = Parsi women's education advocate; **Dadabhai Naoroji** = Rast Goftar journal; **S.S. Bengalee** = Parsi political reformer — **Behramji Malabari** associated with Stree Bodh (1857) and Seva Sadan (1885).

Correct Answer: A. Vishnu Shastri Pandit

• **Vishnu Shastri Pandit** founded the Widow Remarriage Association in **1866 **in Maharashtra. • He translated Vidyasagar's book on widow remarriage into Marathi. • He also married a widow himself to set an. • 💡 **G.K. Gokhale** = Servants of India Society (1905), not Maharashtra widow associations; **V.R. Shinde** = Depressed Classes Mission; **Tilak** = orthodox nationalist — **Vishnu Shastri Pandit** founded Widow Remarriage Association 1866.

Correct Answer: B. Periyar E.V. Ramasamy

• **Periyar E.V. Ramasamy** started the journal **Kudi Arasu** (Republic) in **1925**. • Official propaganda organ of the **Self-Respect Movement** in Tamil Nadu. • Tamil weekly attacking caste, superstition, Brahmin dominance; ran for decades. • 💡 Subramania Bharati = Tamil poet-nationalist; C. Rajagopalachari = Congress leader; K. Kamaraj = Congress CM — Kudi Arasu (1925) started by Periyar E.V. Ramasamy.

Correct Answer: B. Vithal Ramji Shinde

• **Vithal Ramji Shinde** founded the Depressed Classes Mission in **1906 **in Bombay. • He was a prominent member of the Prarthana Samaj. • The mission aimed to provide education and social service to the Dalits. • 💡 **Ambedkar** = Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha (1924); **Gandhi** = Harijan Sevak Sangh (1932); **Jyotiba Phule** = Satya Shodhak Samaj (1873) — **Vithal Ramji Shinde** founded Depressed Classes Mission 1906.

Correct Answer: B. Widows

• The Sarda Sadan was founded primarily for high-caste Hindu **widows**. • Pandita Ramabai wanted to provide a shelter where they could be educated and become independent. • It faced criticism from conservatives but was a landmark in women's welfare. • 💡 **Orphans** = later expanded to include orphans; **Freedom Fighters** = separate welfare; **Farmers** = separate agrarian organisations — Sharada Sadan/Mukti Mission was primarily for high-caste **widows**.

Correct Answer: A. Theosophical Society

• Madam Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott founded the **Theosophical Society** in New York in **1875**. • They later moved the movement to India, where it flourished. • The society drew inspiration from Hindu and Buddhist philosophies. • 💡 **Ramakrishna Mission** = Vivekananda (1897), Belur Math; **Divine Life Society** = Swami Sivananda (1936), Rishikesh; **Arya Samaj** = Dayanand (1875), Bombay — **Theosophical Society** founded by Blavatsky and Olcott (New York, 1875).

Correct Answer: C. Gopal Hari Deshmukh

• **Gopal Hari Deshmukh** is popularly known as 'Lokhitwadi'. • He was a social reformer from Maharashtra who wrote articles in the weekly 'Prabhakar'. • He advocated for Western education and rational thinking to cure social evils. • 💡 **Jyotiba Phule** = Satya Shodhak Samaj, Ghulamgiri; **M.G. Ranade** = Prarthana Samaj, but 'Lokhitwadi' title belongs to Deshmukh; **Tilak** = nationalist politician — **Gopal Hari Deshmukh** was called 'Lokhitwadi'.

Correct Answer: A. Child Marriage

• **Pledge Movement** = launched by Indian Social Conference against **Child Marriage**. • People took pledges not to marry off daughters below a certain age (typically 14+). • Promoted by **Indian Social Conference**, led by M.G. Ranade and Raghunath Rao (from 1887). • 💡 Dowry = separate 1961 law; British Goods = Swadeshi 1905; Alcohol = Prohibition campaigns — Pledge Movement was against Child Marriage.