Medical Inventions — Set 2
Inventions · चिकित्सा आविष्कार · Questions 11–20 of 80
Who discovered the ABO blood group system in 1900, making safe blood transfusions possible?
Correct Answer: B. Karl Landsteiner
• **Karl Landsteiner** = discovered the ABO blood group system, enabling safe blood transfusions. • **1900** — the year Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood groups, revolutionizing transfusion medicine. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Richard Lewisohn]: developed methods to prevent blood coagulation for transfusions; [Paul Ehrlich]: a pioneer in immunology and chemotherapy; [Emil von Behring]: known for his work on diphtheria antitoxin.
The first oral polio vaccine (OPV), which used a live-attenuated virus, was developed by?
Correct Answer: C. Albert Sabin
• **Albert Sabin** = developed the first oral polio vaccine (OPV), using a live-attenuated virus. • **1961** — the year Sabin's oral polio vaccine was licensed for use in the United States. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Jonas Salk]: developed the first injectable polio vaccine; [Edward Jenner]: developed the smallpox vaccine; [Robert Koch]: known for discovering specific disease-causing bacteria.
Who is credited with discovering the bacteria responsible for Tuberculosis and Cholera?
Correct Answer: D. Robert Koch
• **Robert Koch** = discovered the bacteria responsible for Tuberculosis and Cholera. • **1882** — the year Koch identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium causing tuberculosis. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Joseph Lister]: known for pioneering antiseptic surgery; [Alexander Fleming]: discovered penicillin; [Louis Pasteur]: known for pasteurization and developing vaccines for rabies and anthrax.
The first successful kidney transplant between identical twins was performed by?
Correct Answer: C. Joseph Murray
• **Joseph Murray** = performed the first successful kidney transplant between identical twins. • **1954** — the year Murray performed the pioneering kidney transplant, proving organ replacement was possible. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Thomas Starzl]: known for performing the first successful human liver transplants; [Earl Bakken]: invented the first battery-powered cardiac pacemaker; [William Kouwenhoven]: a pioneer in defibrillation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Which scientist discovered the hormone Insulin in 1921, saving millions of lives from diabetes?
Correct Answer: D. Frederick Banting
• **Frederick Banting** = discovered the hormone insulin, which revolutionized diabetes treatment. • **1921** — the year Banting and his team successfully isolated insulin. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Other than listed]: incorrect, as Frederick Banting is listed and is the answer; [John Macleod]: provided the laboratory and resources for insulin discovery, shared Nobel with Banting; [Charles Best]: a medical student who assisted Banting significantly in the discovery of insulin.
The thermometer, used for measuring body temperature accurately, was improved into its modern form by?
Correct Answer: D. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
• **Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit** = He improved the thermometer into its modern and accurate form. • His use of **mercury** allowed for more precise and reliable temperature readings, leading to the Fahrenheit scale. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Anders Celsius]: Developed the Celsius temperature scale; [Galileo Galilei]: Invented an early form of thermometer (thermoscope); [Lord Kelvin]: Developed the Kelvin temperature scale, an absolute thermodynamic scale.
Who developed the first vaccine against Rabies for humans?
Correct Answer: D. Louis Pasteur
• **Louis Pasteur** = He developed the first vaccine against Rabies for humans. • In **1885**, he successfully treated a young boy bitten by a rabid dog, which was a major breakthrough as rabies was 100% fatal. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Maurice Hilleman]: Developed many successful vaccines in the 20th century, but not rabies; [Robert Koch]: Famous for his work on anthrax and tuberculosis, establishing Koch's postulates; [Edward Jenner]: Developed the smallpox vaccine, the first successful vaccine.
The first use of ether as a general anesthetic in surgery was demonstrated by?
Correct Answer: C. William Morton
• **William Morton** = He demonstrated the first use of ether as a general anesthetic in surgery. • He performed a public demonstration at Massachusetts General Hospital in **1846**, enabling complex operations without patient pain. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Humphry Davy]: Suggested nitrous oxide for pain relief but didn't demonstrate ether; [James Simpson]: Pioneered the use of chloroform as an anesthetic; [Crawford Long]: Used ether in private surgery in 1842 but didn't publish or demonstrate it publicly until much later.
Who is known for discovering the circulation of blood in the human body?
Correct Answer: D. William Harvey
• **William Harvey** = He is known for discovering the circulation of blood in the human body. • His influential book 'De Motu Cordis' was published in **1628**, correctly describing how the heart pumps blood through a closed circulatory system. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Leonardo da Vinci]: Made accurate anatomical drawings but did not discover blood circulation; [Galen]: Ancient Greek physician whose theories on blood were disproven by Harvey; [Andreas Vesalius]: Wrote a groundbreaking anatomy text but didn't discover circulation.
The first successfully manufactured artificial heart, the Jarvik-7, was designed by?
Correct Answer: B. Robert Jarvik
• **Robert Jarvik** = He designed the first successfully manufactured artificial heart, the Jarvik-7. • The Jarvik-7 was first implanted in **1982**, extending the life of the patient Barney Clark by 112 days. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Willem Kolff]: Pioneered kidney dialysis and developed earlier, less successful artificial hearts; [Paul Winchell]: Designed an early artificial heart but not the Jarvik-7; [Domingo Liotta]: Designed the first total artificial heart to be implanted in a human as a bridge to transplant.