Medical Inventions — Set 2
Inventions · चिकित्सा आविष्कार · Questions 11–20 of 80
Who discovered the ABO blood group system in 1900, making safe blood transfusions possible?
Correct Answer: B. Karl Landsteiner
Karl Landsteiner identified the major blood types, which prevents fatal immune reactions during transfusions. He later discovered the Rh factor as well. His work earned him the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1930.
The first oral polio vaccine (OPV), which used a live-attenuated virus, was developed by?
Correct Answer: C. Albert Sabin
Albert Sabin's oral vaccine became the preferred tool for global polio eradication campaigns. It is easier to administer and provides longer-lasting immunity than the injectable version. This vaccine has saved millions from paralysis since its introduction.
Who is credited with discovering the bacteria responsible for Tuberculosis and Cholera?
Correct Answer: D. Robert Koch
Robert Koch identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1882 using specialized staining techniques. He developed 'Koch's Postulates' to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease. He is regarded as one of the founders of microbiology.
The first successful kidney transplant between identical twins was performed by?
Correct Answer: C. Joseph Murray
Joseph Murray performed the transplant in 1954, proving that organ replacement was possible. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for his pioneering work in transplant surgery. This procedure laid the groundwork for modern immunology and rejection prevention.
Which scientist discovered the hormone Insulin in 1921, saving millions of lives from diabetes?
Correct Answer: D. Frederick Banting
Frederick Banting and his team isolated insulin from the pancreas of dogs at the University of Toronto. Before this discovery, Type 1 diabetes was a fatal condition. Banting became the youngest Nobel laureate in Medicine in 1923.
The thermometer, used for measuring body temperature accurately, was improved into its modern form by?
Correct Answer: D. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the mercury-in-glass thermometer and the temperature scale named after him. His use of mercury provided more precise and reliable readings than earlier instruments. The Fahrenheit scale is still used in the United States today.
Who developed the first vaccine against Rabies for humans?
Correct Answer: D. Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur successfully treated a young boy bitten by a rabid dog in 1885. This was a major breakthrough as rabies was a 100% fatal disease once symptoms appeared. Pasteur's work significantly boosted public trust in vaccination.
The first use of ether as a general anesthetic in surgery was demonstrated by?
Correct Answer: C. William Morton
William Morton performed the first public demonstration of ether anesthesia at Massachusetts General Hospital in 1846. This invention allowed surgeons to perform complex operations without patient pain. It is considered one of the greatest milestones in medical history.
Who is known for discovering the circulation of blood in the human body?
Correct Answer: D. William Harvey
William Harvey correctly described how the heart pumps blood through a closed circulatory system in 1628. His findings challenged centuries-old beliefs established by the Greek physician Galen. This discovery is fundamental to modern physiology and cardiology.
The first successfully manufactured artificial heart, the Jarvik-7, was designed by?
Correct Answer: B. Robert Jarvik
Robert Jarvik designed the air-driven artificial heart that was first implanted in 1982. The patient, Barney Clark, lived for 112 days with the device. While not a permanent solution, it paved the way for modern assist devices.