Medical Inventions — Set 7
Inventions · चिकित्सा आविष्कार · Questions 61–70 of 80
The smallpox vaccine, the first vaccine ever created, was discovered by?
Correct Answer: C. Edward Jenner
• **Edward Jenner** = discovered that cowpox provided immunity against smallpox. • **1796** — The year Jenner made his pivotal discovery, marking the beginning of immunology. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Louis Pasteur: Known for pasteurization and vaccines for rabies/anthrax; Jonas Salk: Developed the first injectable polio vaccine; Robert Koch: Identified bacteria causing anthrax, cholera, tuberculosis.
Which scientist discovered the first true antibiotic, Penicillin, in 1928?
Correct Answer: C. Alexander Fleming
• **Alexander Fleming** = discovered Penicillin, the first true antibiotic. • **1928** — The year Fleming noticed that a mold called Penicillium inhibited bacterial growth. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Selman Waksman: Discovered streptomycin, another antibiotic; Howard Florey: Shared the Nobel Prize for penicillin's mass production; Ernst Chain: Shared the Nobel Prize for chemical work on penicillin.
Who discovered the bacteria that cause Anthrax, Cholera, and Tuberculosis?
Correct Answer: C. Robert Koch
• **Robert Koch** = discovered the bacteria that cause Anthrax, Cholera, and Tuberculosis. • **1905** — The year Koch received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his discoveries in bacteriology. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Alexander Fleming: Discovered penicillin; Joseph Lister: Pioneered antiseptic surgery; Louis Pasteur: Developed pasteurization and vaccines for rabies/anthrax.
The process of using heat to kill bacteria in milk and wine is named after?
Correct Answer: A. Louis Pasteur
• **Louis Pasteur** = the process of using heat to kill bacteria in milk and wine (pasteurization) is named after him. • **'Father of Microbiology'** — Pasteur is often called the 'Father of Microbiology' for his fundamental contributions. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Edward Jenner: Discovered the smallpox vaccine; Robert Boyle: Known for Boyle's Law in physics/chemistry; Charles Darwin: Developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Who is considered the 'Father of Antiseptic Surgery'?
Correct Answer: A. Joseph Lister
• **Joseph Lister** = is considered the 'Father of Antiseptic Surgery'. • **Carbolic acid** — Lister introduced the use of carbolic acid to clean wounds and surgical instruments, drastically reducing infection deaths. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: William Harvey: Described the circulation of blood; Hippocrates: Ancient Greek physician, often called the 'Father of Medicine'; René Laennec: Invented the stethoscope.
Which physician discovered the double-helix structure of DNA along with Crick and Wilkins?
Correct Answer: C. James Watson
• **James Watson** = along with Crick and Wilkins, discovered the double-helix structure of DNA. • **1953** — The year Watson and Crick identified the molecular structure of DNA, explaining genetic information transfer. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Linus Pauling: Contributed to understanding chemical bonds, but proposed an incorrect triple helix for DNA; Charles Darwin: Developed the theory of evolution; Gregor Mendel: Known as the 'Father of Genetics' for his work on inheritance in pea plants.
Who is credited with inventing the first practical stethoscope in 1816?
Correct Answer: A. René Laennec
• **René Laennec** = is credited with inventing the first practical stethoscope. • **1816** — The year Laennec invented the stethoscope, a simple wooden tube at first, to listen to heart and lung sounds. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Joseph Lister: Pioneered antiseptic surgery; William Harvey: Described the circulation of blood; Robert Koch: Identified bacteria causing anthrax, cholera, tuberculosis.
The first injectable polio vaccine was developed by?
Correct Answer: B. Jonas Salk
• **Jonas Salk** = developed the first injectable polio vaccine. • **1950s** — The decade when Salk developed his vaccine using killed viruses, leading to the virtual elimination of polio. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Louis Pasteur: Developed pasteurization and vaccines for rabies/anthrax; Maurice Hilleman: Developed over 40 vaccines but not the first polio vaccine; Albert Sabin: Developed the oral polio vaccine (OPV).
Who discovered the hormone insulin, which is used to treat diabetes?
Correct Answer: A. Frederick Banting
• **Frederick Banting** = discovered the hormone insulin, which is used to treat diabetes. • **1921** — The year Banting, Best, and Macleod isolated insulin, transforming diabetes into a manageable condition. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: John Macleod: Shared the Nobel Prize with Banting for the discovery of insulin; Charles Best: Banting's assistant, crucial for experimental work, but did not share the Nobel Prize; Other than listed: Incorrect, as Frederick Banting is the primary discoverer.
The ABO blood group system was discovered by which scientist?
Correct Answer: C. Karl Landsteiner
• **Karl Landsteiner** = discovered the ABO blood group system. • **1900** — The year Landsteiner discovered the different blood types, making safe blood transfusions possible. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Paul Ehrlich: Developed chemotherapy and received a Nobel Prize for immunology; Emil von Behring: Developed diphtheria antitoxin and received a Nobel Prize for serum therapy; Richard Lewisohn: Pioneered the citrate method for blood transfusions.