Medical Inventions — Set 8
Inventions · चिकित्सा आविष्कार · Questions 71–80 of 80
Who is known for discovering that mosquitoes transmit malaria?
Correct Answer: D. Ronald Ross
• **Ronald Ross** = is known for discovering that mosquitoes transmit malaria. • **1897** — The year Ross proved that the malaria parasite is transmitted by the bite of mosquitoes, performing research in India. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Walter Reed: Confirmed mosquitoes transmit yellow fever; Charles Laveran: Discovered the malaria parasite itself in human blood; Robert Koch: Identified bacteria causing anthrax, cholera, tuberculosis.
The first person to perform a successful human heart transplant was?
Correct Answer: B. Christiaan Barnard
• **Christiaan Barnard** = was the first person to perform a successful human heart transplant. • **1967** — The year Barnard, a South African surgeon, performed the first human-to-human heart transplant, a major surgical milestone. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Robert Jarvik: Co-developer of the Jarvik-7 artificial heart; John Hunter: Scottish surgeon known for experimental surgical techniques; Michael DeBakey: Pioneering cardiovascular surgeon.
Who invented the electrocardiogram (ECG) to monitor the heart's activity?
Correct Answer: C. Willem Einthoven
• **Willem Einthoven** = invented the electrocardiogram (ECG) to monitor the heart's activity. • **1924** — The year Einthoven won the Nobel Prize for his invention, which remains the gold standard for diagnosing heart conditions. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: James Watt: Improved the steam engine; Nikola Tesla: Contributed to AC electrical systems; Thomas Edison: Invented the light bulb, phonograph, etc.
The discovery of Vitamin C and its presence in citrus fruits is linked to?
Correct Answer: A. James Lind
• **James Lind** = the discovery of Vitamin C's role in preventing scurvy in citrus fruits is linked to him. • **1747** — The year Lind conducted the first clinical trial, proving citrus fruits prevented scurvy in sailors. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Casimir Funk: Coined the term 'vitamine'; Albert Szent-Györgyi: Isolated Vitamin C (ascorbic acid); Linus Pauling: Advocated for high doses of Vitamin C for various health benefits.
Who is credited with the invention of the first battery-operated pacemaker?
Correct Answer: D. Earl Bakken
• **Earl Bakken** = is credited with the invention of the first battery-operated pacemaker. • **1957** — The year Bakken developed the first wearable pacemaker, replacing bulky wall-powered machines. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Rune Elmqvist: Developed the first *implantable* pacemaker; Wilson Greatbatch: Invented the implantable pacemaker circuit; John Hopps: Invented the first external cardiac pacemaker.
The first oral polio vaccine (OPV) was developed by which researcher?
Correct Answer: C. Albert Sabin
• **Albert Sabin** = Developed the first oral polio vaccine (OPV) using weakened live viruses. • **1950s** — His work became the primary tool for global polio eradication because it was easy to give and provides immunity in the gut. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Jonas Salk]: Developed the first inactivated polio vaccine (IPV); [Maurice Hilleman]: Developed many important vaccines, but not the polio vaccines; [Edward Jenner]: Pioneer of the smallpox vaccine.
Which scientist discovered the principles of genetic inheritance using pea plants?
Correct Answer: A. Gregor Mendel
• **Gregor Mendel** = Discovered the principles of genetic inheritance using pea plants. • **19th-century** — His research earned him the title 'Father of Genetics' and his laws of inheritance are fundamental to modern biology. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [James Watson]: Co-discovered the structure of DNA; [Francis Crick]: Co-discovered the structure of DNA; [Charles Darwin]: Proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
The first successful kidney transplant in history was performed by?
Correct Answer: D. Joseph Murray
• **Joseph Murray** = Performed the first successful human kidney transplant between identical twins. • **1954** — This medical breakthrough earned him the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1990 and paved the way for successful transplantation of many other organs. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Thomas Starzl]: Pioneer of liver transplantation; [Christian Barnard]: Performed the first human heart transplant; [Denton Cooley]: Famous for performing the first artificial heart implantation.
Who invented the artificial kidney, also known as the dialysis machine?
Correct Answer: A. Willem Kolff
• **Willem Kolff** = Invented the artificial kidney, also known as the dialysis machine. • **1943** — He built the first working dialysis machine during World War II, which filters waste products from the blood of patients with kidney failure. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [John Abel]: Known for early work on artificial organs but not the first functional dialysis machine; [Belding Scribner]: Developed the Scribner shunt, crucial for long-term dialysis access; [Thomas Graham]: Known for his work on diffusion and osmosis.
Who discovered Penicillin, the first widely used antibiotic?
Correct Answer: A. Alexander Fleming
• **Alexander Fleming** = Discovered Penicillin, the first widely used antibiotic. • **1928** — He noticed that a mold (Penicillium notatum) killed bacteria, an accidental discovery that launched the antibiotic era and saved millions of lives. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Robert Koch]: Identified the specific causative agents of diseases; [Louis Pasteur]: Known for pasteurization and vaccination principles; [Joseph Lister]: Pioneer of antiseptic surgery.