Medical Inventions — Set 8
Inventions · चिकित्सा आविष्कार · Questions 71–80 of 80
Who is known for discovering that mosquitoes transmit malaria?
Correct Answer: D. Ronald Ross
Ronald Ross proved that the malaria parasite is transmitted by the bite of mosquitoes in 1897. He performed his groundbreaking research in India. He was the first British Nobel laureate in Medicine.
The first person to perform a successful human heart transplant was?
Correct Answer: B. Christiaan Barnard
Christiaan Barnard, a South African surgeon, performed the first human-to-human heart transplant in 1967. This operation was a major milestone in surgical history. It proved that complex organ transplantation was a viable medical treatment.
Who invented the electrocardiogram (ECG) to monitor the heart's activity?
Correct Answer: C. Willem Einthoven
Willem Einthoven developed the first practical ECG machine to record heart rhythm. He won the Nobel Prize in 1924 for this invention. It remains the gold standard for diagnosing various heart conditions today.
The discovery of Vitamin C and its presence in citrus fruits is linked to?
Correct Answer: A. James Lind
James Lind conducted the first clinical trial in 1747, proving that citrus fruits prevented scurvy in sailors. Later, Albert Szent-Györgyi isolated the actual vitamin. This discovery was critical for understanding the role of nutrition in health.
Who is credited with the invention of the first battery-operated pacemaker?
Correct Answer: D. Earl Bakken
Earl Bakken, the co-founder of Medtronic, developed the first wearable pacemaker in 1957. It replaced the bulky machines that required a wall outlet to function. This invention allowed heart patients to be mobile during treatment.
The first oral polio vaccine (OPV) was developed by which researcher?
Correct Answer: C. Albert Sabin
Albert Sabin developed the oral vaccine using weakened live viruses in the late 1950s. It became the primary tool for global polio eradication because it was easy to give. This vaccine provides immunity in the gut where the virus replicates.
Which scientist discovered the principles of genetic inheritance using pea plants?
Correct Answer: A. Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel is known as the 'Father of Genetics' for his 19th-century research. He discovered how traits are passed from parents to offspring. His laws of inheritance are fundamental to all of modern biology.
The first successful kidney transplant in history was performed by?
Correct Answer: D. Joseph Murray
Joseph Murray performed the transplant between identical twins in 1954. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1990 for this feat. This breakthrough led to the successful transplantation of many other organs.
Who invented the artificial kidney, also known as the dialysis machine?
Correct Answer: A. Willem Kolff
Willem Kolff built the first working dialysis machine in 1943 during the Second World War. It filters waste products from the blood of patients with kidney failure. Kolff is considered the pioneer of artificial internal organs.
Who discovered Penicillin, the first widely used antibiotic?
Correct Answer: A. Alexander Fleming
The correct answer is Alexander Fleming. Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin in 1928 when he noticed that a mold (Penicillium notatum) killed bacteria on a petri dish he had accidentally left uncovered. This accidental discovery launched the antibiotic era and saved millions of lives. This topic is frequently tested in competitive examinations such as RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC.