Medical Inventions — Set 4
Inventions · चिकित्सा आविष्कार · Questions 31–40 of 80
The first human blood transfusion was attempted using animal blood by?
Correct Answer: B. Jean-Baptiste Denys
Jean-Baptiste Denys, physician to King Louis XIV, transfused sheep's blood into a human in 1667. While some early attempts worked, others were fatal, leading to a temporary ban on the practice. It took centuries to discover blood groups for safe transfusions.
Who invented the first fully implantable cardiac pacemaker in 1958?
Correct Answer: D. Rune Elmqvist
Rune Elmqvist designed the device which was first implanted in a human by surgeon Åke Senning. The first patient, Arne Larsson, lived to be 86 years old and used many pacemakers. This technology allows millions to live normal lives with heart rhythm disorders.
The discovery of the malaria parasite in human blood was made by?
Correct Answer: C. Charles Alphonse Laveran
Charles Alphonse Laveran observed the parasites in red blood cells while working in Algeria in 1880. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1907 for his discovery of protozoa in causing disease. This finding was a major step in controlling the deadly tropical disease.
Who invented the first successful method for mass-producing high-quality surgical sutures?
Correct Answer: A. Robert Wood Johnson
Robert Wood Johnson and his brothers founded a company that pioneered sterile surgical supplies. They developed techniques to mass-produce gauze and sutures in the late 19th century. Their company, Johnson & Johnson, remains a global leader in healthcare.
Which scientist discovered the existence of 'vitamins' and coined the term in 1912?
Correct Answer: B. Casimir Funk
Casimir Funk proposed that certain organic substances are vital for health and called them 'vital amines'. He correctly predicted that their absence causes diseases like rickets, scurvy, and beriberi. His research launched the modern field of nutrition science.
The first successful vaccine for Measles was developed in 1963 by?
Correct Answer: D. Maurice Hilleman
Maurice Hilleman developed more than 40 vaccines during his career, including those for mumps and hepatitis. His measles vaccine has significantly reduced childhood mortality worldwide. He is often called the most successful vaccinologist in history.
The concept of 'Germ Theory' was most significantly proven and promoted by?
Correct Answer: C. Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur's experiments showed that microbes are responsible for fermentation and disease. This replaced the older idea of 'spontaneous generation' or 'miasma'. Germ theory is the foundation of all modern sanitation and medicine.
Who invented the ophthalmoscope, an instrument used to examine the interior of the eye?
Correct Answer: B. Hermann von Helmholtz
Hermann von Helmholtz invented the device in 1851, allowing doctors to see the retina and optic nerve for the first time. This invention revolutionized the field of ophthalmology. It transformed eye care from external observation to internal diagnosis.
The first effective local anesthetic used in medicine, Cocaine, was introduced to ophthalmology by?
Correct Answer: C. Karl Koller
Karl Koller discovered that cocaine could numb the surface of the eye for surgery in 1884. This allowed for painless eye operations without the risks of general anesthesia. He was a close colleague of Sigmund Freud at the time.
Which physicist developed the mathematical principles for MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)?
Correct Answer: A. Paul Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield
Lauterbur and Mansfield developed the use of magnetic field gradients to create 2D images. They shared the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this work. MRI is now essential for diagnosing soft tissue and brain injuries.