Medical Inventions — Set 3
Inventions · चिकित्सा आविष्कार · Questions 21–30 of 80
Which physician introduced the practice of handwashing to reduce maternal mortality in the 1840s?
Correct Answer: C. Ignaz Semmelweis
Ignaz Semmelweis noticed that hand disinfection drastically reduced 'childbed fever' in maternity wards. Unfortunately, his ideas were initially rejected by the medical community of his time. He is now honored as the 'Savior of Mothers'.
The first commercially available CT (Computed Tomography) scanner was developed by?
Correct Answer: B. Godfrey Hounsfield
Godfrey Hounsfield invented the CT scanner at EMI Labs in the United Kingdom. It allows doctors to see detailed 3D cross-sections of the human body. He shared the 1979 Nobel Prize for this incredible technological advancement.
Who invented the first battery-powered external pacemaker in 1957?
Correct Answer: B. Earl Bakken
Earl Bakken, the co-founder of Medtronic, developed the wearable pacemaker to help children with heart defects. Before this, pacemakers were bulky and relied on wall outlets. This invention allowed patients to be mobile during their treatment.
The discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori as the cause of stomach ulcers was made by?
Correct Answer: B. Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
Barry Marshall famously drank a culture of the bacteria to prove it caused ulcers. Their discovery changed ulcer treatment from surgery to simple antibiotics. They received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2005 for their bravery and research.
Which scientist discovered Vitamin C and its importance in preventing scurvy?
Correct Answer: A. Albert Szent-Györgyi
Albert Szent-Györgyi isolated hexuronic acid (later named ascorbic acid) from adrenal glands and bell peppers. He showed that this substance effectively cured scurvy. He won the Nobel Prize in 1937 for his biological combustion research.
The first antibiotic to treat tuberculosis, Streptomycin, was discovered by?
Correct Answer: B. Selman Waksman
Selman Waksman isolated Streptomycin from soil bacteria called actinomycetes. This was the first effective medicine against the 'white plague' that killed millions. He won the Nobel Prize in 1952 for his systemic research on microbes.
Who invented the artificial kidney (dialysis machine) using sausage casings during WWII?
Correct Answer: A. Willem Kolff
Willem Kolff built the first working dialyzer in Nazi-occupied Netherlands. He used wooden drums and cellophane casings to filter toxins from the blood. This invention has saved millions of people suffering from kidney failure.
The first 'test-tube baby' (IVF) was made possible by the work of?
Correct Answer: B. Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards
Robert Edwards developed the technique of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) to treat human infertility. Louise Brown, the first IVF baby, was born in 1978. Edwards received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2010 for this achievement.
Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and introduced sanitary reforms in hospitals?
Correct Answer: A. Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale became famous for her work during the Crimean War. She emphasized hygiene and statistical data to improve patient care. International Nurses Day is celebrated on her birthday, May 12.
Which scientist is known for developing the first effective treatment for syphilis, called Salvarsan?
Correct Answer: A. Paul Ehrlich
Paul Ehrlich pioneered the concept of a 'magic bullet' that could target pathogens without harming the host. Salvarsan was the first modern chemotherapeutic agent. His work laid the foundation for the entire field of chemotherapy.