Schedules & Sources — Set 2

Correct Answer: B. United Kingdom

• **United Kingdom** = source of Parliamentary privileges — the rights and immunities of Parliament and its members. • **Key Privileges** — freedom of speech in Parliament (Article 105); immunity from civil arrest during sessions; right to regulate internal proceedings; courts cannot question proceedings. • 💡 Option A (Australia) is wrong because Australia contributed the Concurrent List and Joint Sitting of Parliament, not Parliamentary privileges; Option C (Canada) is wrong because Canada contributed Federation with a strong Centre and Advisory Jurisdiction; Option D (USA) is wrong because the USA contributed Fundamental Rights, Judicial Review, and the method of Presidential impeachment.

Correct Answer: B. 52nd Amendment

• **52nd Amendment Act, 1985** = added the Tenth Schedule (Anti-Defection Law); disqualifies members for voluntarily giving up party membership or voting against party direction. • **Speaker/Chairman decides** — under the Tenth Schedule, the Speaker (Lok Sabha) or Chairman (Rajya Sabha) decides disqualification; their decision is subject to judicial review. • 💡 Option A (42nd Amendment) is wrong because the 42nd Amendment (1976) added Fundamental Duties and altered the Preamble — it is the 'Mini Constitution'; Option C (61st Amendment) is wrong because the 61st Amendment (1988) reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years; Option D (73rd Amendment) is wrong because the 73rd Amendment (1992) added the Eleventh Schedule for Panchayati Raj.

Correct Answer: B. Australia

• **Australia** = source of the Joint Sitting provision (Article 108) to resolve deadlocks between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. • **Presided by Lok Sabha Speaker** — the President summons the joint sitting; it is chaired by the Speaker of Lok Sabha; has been held only 3 times in India (1961, 1978, 2002). • 💡 Option A (UK) is wrong because the UK contributed Parliamentary System, Rule of Law, and Parliamentary privileges; Option C (USA) is wrong because in the USA, both chambers independently pass identical bills — there is no joint sitting mechanism for ordinary legislation; Option D (Canada) is wrong because Canada contributed Federation with a strong Centre, Advisory Jurisdiction, and appointment of Governors by the Centre.

Correct Answer: D. Seventh Schedule

• **Seventh Schedule** = divides legislative powers through three lists — Union List (I), State List (II), and Concurrent List (III). • **List Sizes** — Union List: 100 subjects (originally 97); State List: 61 (originally 66); Concurrent List: 52 (originally 47); residuary powers vest with Centre. • 💡 Option A (Eighth Schedule) is wrong because it lists 22 recognized languages of India; Option B (Ninth Schedule) is wrong because it contains laws protected from judicial scrutiny (added by 1st Amendment, 1951); Option C (Sixth Schedule) is wrong because it relates to tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.

Correct Answer: A. South Africa

• **South Africa** = source of the constitutional amendment procedure under Article 368; also influenced the method of electing Rajya Sabha members. • **Article 368** — amendment types: some by simple majority, some by special majority (2/3 + more than half of total members), and some require ratification by at least half the State Legislatures. • 💡 Option B (Australia) is wrong because Australia contributed the Concurrent List and Joint Sitting of Parliament; Option C (USA) is wrong because the USA has a very rigid amendment process requiring two-thirds of Congress plus three-fourths of states, which India did not adopt; Option D (Canada) is wrong because Canada contributed Federation with a strong Centre and the appointment of Governors by the Centre.

Correct Answer: D. Emoluments and Allowances

• **Second Schedule** = deals with emoluments, allowances, and privileges of key constitutional functionaries — President, Governors, Judges of SC and HCs, and the CAG. • **Not Ministers** — Ministers' salaries are NOT in the Second Schedule; they are determined by Parliament through separate legislation. • 💡 Option A (Forms of Oaths) is wrong because forms of Oaths and Affirmations are in the Third Schedule; Option B (Allocation of Seats in Rajya Sabha) is wrong because Rajya Sabha seat allocation is in the Fourth Schedule; Option C (Languages) is wrong because the list of recognized languages is in the Eighth Schedule.

Correct Answer: A. French Revolution

• **French Revolution (1789)** = source of the ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity inscribed in the Indian Preamble. • **Preamble** — these three ideals represent the core values of the Indian Republic; Dr. Ambedkar acknowledged borrowing them from the French revolutionary tradition. • 💡 Option B (Russian Revolution) is wrong because the Russian Revolution inspired the ideal of 'Justice' (social, economic, political) in the Preamble, not Liberty-Equality-Fraternity; Option C (Glorious Revolution) is wrong because that 1688 British event influenced constitutional monarchy — it is not connected to the Indian Preamble; Option D (American Revolution) is wrong because the American Revolution contributed to the concept of Fundamental Rights, not these three specific Preamble ideals.

Correct Answer: B. 29

• **29 items** = Eleventh Schedule contains 29 functional subjects for Panchayats, added by the 73rd Amendment Act (1992). • **73rd Amendment** — gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj; mandated State Finance Commissions, State Election Commissions, and elections every 5 years. • 💡 Option A (15) is wrong because neither the Eleventh nor Twelfth Schedule has 15 items; Option C (18) is wrong because 18 is the count in the Twelfth Schedule for Municipalities, not in the Eleventh for Panchayats; Option D (22) is wrong because 22 is the number of languages in the Eighth Schedule, not items in the Eleventh Schedule.

Correct Answer: B. Canada

• **Canada** = model for India's 'Federation with a strong Centre'; residuary powers vest with the Centre, not with states. • **Unlike USA/Australia** — in the USA and Australia, residuary powers vest with the states; in India and Canada, they vest with the Centre (Entry 97, Union List). • 💡 Option A (Switzerland) is wrong because Switzerland has a unique federal system with a collegial Federal Council — it was not a source for Indian federalism; Option C (USA) is wrong because in the USA residuary powers vest with the states (10th Amendment), not the Centre — the opposite of the Indian model; Option D (Australia) is wrong because Australia contributed the Concurrent List and Joint Sitting of Parliament, not the strong-Centre federation concept.

Correct Answer: A. Fifth Schedule

• **Fifth Schedule** = deals with administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in states other than Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. • **Governor's role** — the Governor of each state having Scheduled Areas submits an annual report to the President; the President can give directions to the state on their administration. • 💡 Option B (Sixth Schedule) is wrong because the Sixth Schedule specifically covers tribal areas of only four states: Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram; Option C (Fourth Schedule) is wrong because the Fourth Schedule deals with allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha; Option D (Seventh Schedule) is wrong because the Seventh Schedule contains the three lists (Union, State, Concurrent) for division of legislative powers.