Schedules & Sources — Set 5

Correct Answer: D. USA

• **USA** = source for the post of 'Vice-President'; the Indian Vice-President, like the US Vice-President, presides over the upper house of Parliament. • **Ex-officio Chairman** — the VP is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha (Article 64); if the President's office falls vacant, the VP acts as President but does NOT continue for the full remainder of the President's term (a difference from the USA). • 💡 Option A (Canada) is wrong because Canada contributed Federation with a strong Centre, residuary powers at Centre, and appointment of Governors — not the VP post; Option B (UK) is wrong because the UK does not have a Vice-President as head of its upper house — the Lord Speaker presides over the House of Lords; Option C (Ireland) is wrong because Ireland contributed the election method of the President and nomination of Rajya Sabha members by the President.

Correct Answer: C. State List

• **State List** = 'Police' and 'Public Order' are Entry 1 and Entry 2 of the State List in the Seventh Schedule; primary responsibility rests with the state governments. • **Central forces** — Central Armed Police Forces () like CRPF, BSF can be deployed in states, but under specific provisions; AFSPA gives special powers to armed forces in disturbed areas. • 💡 Option A (Concurrent List) is wrong because 'Police' is exclusively in the State List; the Concurrent List has subjects like Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure where both Centre and States can legislate; Option B (Union List) is wrong because 'Defence of India' and 'Armed Forces' are in the Union List (Entries 1, 2), not Police; Option D (Residuary Powers) is wrong because Residuary Powers cover subjects not mentioned in any list — Police is explicitly mentioned in the State List.

Correct Answer: D. Canada

• **Canada** = source for the practice of 'Appointment of State Governors by the Centre'; Governors are appointed by the President on the advice of the Central government. • **Unlike USA** — in the USA, Governors are directly elected by the people of the state; India's model ensures the Centre retains influence over states through the appointed Governor. • 💡 Option A (USA) is wrong because in the USA, state Governors are directly elected by the citizens of the state, not appointed by the federal government; Option B (Australia) is wrong because Australia contributed Concurrent List and Joint Sitting of Parliament; Option C (UK) is wrong because the UK contributed Parliamentary System, Rule of Law, Single Citizenship, and Prerogative Writs.

Correct Answer: B. Parliament

• **Parliament** = has the power to determine the salary and allowances of Ministers by law; Ministers' salaries are not set by the Second Schedule — they are legislated separately. • **Second Schedule vs. Parliament** — the Second Schedule fixes emoluments for the President, Governors, Judges, and the CAG; Ministers' salaries are fixed by Parliament through the Salaries and Allowances of Ministers Act, 1952. • 💡 Option A (Finance Commission) is wrong because the Finance Commission makes recommendations on revenue distribution between Centre and States — it does not fix ministerial salaries; Option C (RBI Governor) is wrong because the RBI Governor manages monetary policy, not government salaries; Option D (President) is wrong because the President acts on the advice of the Cabinet — the President does not independently determine Ministers' salaries.

Correct Answer: C. UK

• **UK** = source of 'Bicameralism' (two-house legislature); India's Parliament has the Rajya Sabha (Upper House) and Lok Sabha (Lower House), mirroring the UK's House of Lords and House of Commons. • **Role of Rajya Sabha** — represents states and Union Territories; can delay ordinary bills by up to 6 months; cannot delay Money Bills (Article 110) beyond 14 days; provides a revising/reviewing chamber. • 💡 Option A (South Africa) is wrong because South Africa contributed the constitutional amendment procedure and the election method for Rajya Sabha members, not Bicameralism; Option B (Germany) is wrong because Germany contributed the suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency; Option D (France) is wrong because France contributed the concept of Republic and the ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.

Correct Answer: A. Governor

• **Governor** = submits an annual report to the President on the administration of Scheduled Areas under the Fifth Schedule. • **Tribes Advisory Council** — states with Scheduled Areas (other than AMTM) must establish a Tribes Advisory Council; the President can give directions to the state on tribal area administration. • 💡 Option B (Tribal Welfare Minister) is wrong because the state's Tribal Welfare Minister does not formally report to the President under the Fifth Schedule; Option C (Chief Minister) is wrong because the Chief Minister heads the state executive but the specific constitutional obligation to report on Scheduled Areas rests with the Governor; Option D (District Magistrate) is wrong because the District Magistrate is a district-level officer with no constitutional obligation to report to the President under the Fifth Schedule.

Correct Answer: A. USA

• **USA** = source of the procedure for removal of Supreme Court Judges; an impeachment-like process requiring a special majority in Parliament. • **Article 124(4)** — a judge can be removed only on grounds of 'proved misbehaviour or incapacity'; requires an address passed by both Houses with a special majority (two-thirds of members present and voting AND majority of total membership). • 💡 Option B (Canada) is wrong because Canada contributed Federation with a strong Centre, Advisory Jurisdiction, and appointment of Governors; Option C (Ireland) is wrong because Ireland contributed DPSP, election of President, and nomination of Rajya Sabha members; Option D (UK) is wrong because the UK contributed Parliamentary System, Rule of Law, Prerogative Writs, and Single Citizenship.

Correct Answer: B. Population of the State

• **Population of the State** = basis for allocating Rajya Sabha seats as per the Fourth Schedule; larger states get more seats. • **UP highest** — Uttar Pradesh has 31 Rajya Sabha seats (highest); small states like Sikkim, Nagaland, and small UTs get just 1 seat; total Rajya Sabha strength is 245 (233 elected + 12 nominated). • 💡 Option A (Equal representation for all States) is wrong because this is the American Senate model — in India, the allocation is population-based, making it unequal across states; Option C (Area of the State) is wrong because the geographic area of a state does not determine its Rajya Sabha seats — population is the criterion; Option D (Wealth of the State) is wrong because economic contribution or wealth of a state is not a constitutional criterion for seat allocation in the Rajya Sabha.

Correct Answer: B. Ireland

• **Ireland** = source for the 'Nomination of members to the Rajya Sabha by the President'; 12 members are nominated for distinguished service in literature, science, art, and social service. • **12 nominated members** — the President nominates 12 Rajya Sabha members (Article 80(3)); this ensures experts without political ambition can contribute to national legislation. • 💡 Option A (USA) is wrong because in the USA, Senate members are elected — there is no presidential nomination of senators for cultural/academic expertise; Option C (South Africa) is wrong because South Africa contributed the election method for Rajya Sabha members, not the nomination feature; Option D (UK) is wrong because the UK contributed Parliamentary System, Rule of Law, and Single Citizenship, not the nomination of upper house members by the head of state.

Correct Answer: D. Union List

• **Union List** = contains the most subjects; originally 97 entries, now 100 entries; covers defence, foreign affairs, banking, railways, and atomic energy. • **Three list sizes** — Union List: 100 (originally 97); State List: 61 (originally 66); Concurrent List: 52 (originally 47); residuary powers also vest with the Union — all biased toward Centre. • 💡 Option A (State List) is wrong because the State List currently has 61 subjects, which is fewer than the Union List's 100; Option B (Concurrent List) is wrong because the Concurrent List has 52 subjects, the least of the three enumerated lists; Option C (Residuary List) is wrong because there is no separate 'Residuary List' as such — residuary powers vest with the Union, but they are not an enumerated list in the Seventh Schedule.