Supreme Court & High Courts — Set 11

Correct Answer: B. Exclusive jurisdiction over constitutional interpretation and disputes

The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction over constitutional matters, serving as the final arbiter of constitutional disputes and interpretation.

Correct Answer: B. Responsibility of judges for their decisions and conduct

Judicial Accountability refers to the responsibility of judges for their decisions and conduct. They can be held accountable through impeachment and other mechanisms.

Correct Answer: B. Preventing a person from going back on their statements or actions if others relied on them

Estoppel is a legal doctrine that prevents a person from going back on their previous statements or actions if someone else has relied on them to their detriment.

Correct Answer: B. Statements made in a judgment that are not essential to the decision (remarks in passing)

Obiter Dicta refers to remarks made in a judicial decision that are not essential to the judgment. While persuasive, they are not binding.

Correct Answer: B. The main legal principle on which a court's decision is based

Ratio Decidendi is the legal principle or reasoning that forms the basis of a court's decision. It is binding on lower courts.

Correct Answer: B. No one shall be denied equal protection of the laws based on arbitrary distinctions

Equality before Law means no one can be denied equal protection of laws on arbitrary grounds. The law applies equally to all without discrimination.

Correct Answer: B. Equality before law

Article 14 guarantees equality before law and equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.

Correct Answer: B. State has limited immunity and can be sued for torts and breaches of contract

Sovereign Immunity means the state cannot sue without its consent, but this doctrine has been limited in modern democracies to allow citizens to sue the state for torts and breach of contract.

Correct Answer: B. A commission set up by the government to investigate specific matters

A Judicial Commission is an independent body set up by the government to investigate specific matters of public importance and report findings.

Correct Answer: B. Courts can grant bail as per law to secure the accused's appearance in court

Courts have the power to grant bail to secure the presence of the accused in court while protecting public interest and preventing flight.