Supreme Court & High Courts — Set 8

Correct Answer: B. A previous judicial decision that serves as a guide for future decisions

Judicial Precedent refers to a court decision that serves as an authoritative guide for future similar cases. It is based on the principle of 'Stare Decisis' (stand by previous decisions).

Correct Answer: B. A precedent that lower courts must follow

A Binding Precedent is a judicial decision from a higher court that lower courts must follow when deciding similar cases.

Correct Answer: C. To reject a previous precedent and establish a new rule

To Overrule means to reject a previous precedent and replace it with a new legal principle, usually done by a higher court.

Correct Answer: B. To set aside or overturn a lower court's decision

To Reverse means to overturn a decision of a lower court by a higher court, setting aside the previous judgment.

Correct Answer: B. A matter that has been finally judged cannot be tried again

Res Judicata is a legal doctrine that prevents the same case from being tried twice. Once a matter is finally decided, it cannot be reopened.

Correct Answer: B. A quick trial without full legal procedure for minor offenses

A Summary Trial is a simplified and quicker trial procedure used for minor offenses where the accused pleads guilty or evidence is straightforward.

Correct Answer: B. A request to a higher court to review and overturn a lower court's decision

An Appeal is a legal request to a higher court to review a lower court's decision. The higher court can affirm, reverse, or modify the decision.

Correct Answer: B. Criminal appeal, civil appeal, and special appeal

There are various types of appeals in India: Criminal Appeals, Civil Appeals, and Special Appeals (like appeals under specific laws or constitutional matters).

Correct Answer: B. The legal power of a court to hear and decide cases

Jurisdiction is the legal authority and power of a court to hear and decide cases within a specific geographical area or over specific types of cases.

Correct Answer: B. Territorial, subject-matter, and personal jurisdiction

There are three types of jurisdiction: Territorial (based on geographical area), Subject-matter (based on type of case), and Personal (over the parties to the case).