Freedom Struggle & Gandhi — Set 8

Correct Answer: B. 1946

The Constituent Assembly of India was formed in December 1946 based on the provisions of the Cabinet Mission Plan. Elections to the Assembly were held through indirect election by provincial assemblies. The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held on December 9, 1946 in New Delhi. The Assembly took nearly three years to draft the Constitution, which was adopted on November 26, 1949 and came into force on January 26, 1950.

Correct Answer: C. Aga Khan Palace, Pune

Kasturba Gandhi died on February 22, 1944 at the Aga Khan Palace in Pune, where she was imprisoned along with Gandhi during the Quit India Movement. She suffered from bronchial pneumonia and her health deteriorated in detention with inadequate medical care. Gandhi was with her when she passed away. She was cremated in the grounds of the Aga Khan Palace where her samadhi (memorial) stands today as a tribute to her sacrifice.

Correct Answer: C. Lahore 1929

The Indian National Congress formally adopted Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) as its goal at the Lahore Session in December 1929 under the presidentship of Jawaharlal Nehru. On January 26, 1930, Congress celebrated Independence Day with tricolor hoisting across India. This date was later chosen as Republic Day when the Constitution came into force in 1950. The adoption of Purna Swaraj led directly to the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930.

Correct Answer: B. Truth-force or soul-force

Gandhi coined the term 'Satyagraha' from Sanskrit roots 'satya' (truth) and 'agraha' (insistence or holding firmly), translating it as 'truth-force' or 'soul-force.' He developed this concept during his struggle for rights of Indian immigrants in South Africa (1906-1914). Satyagraha meant insisting on truth through non-violent means even in the face of oppression. It became the foundation of Gandhi's political philosophy and India's independence movement.

Correct Answer: C. Maganlal Gandhi

Maganlal Gandhi, Gandhi's nephew, won a contest in the Gujarati journal Indian Opinion to find a term for the passive resistance movement. Maganlal suggested 'Sadagraha' (firmness in a good cause) which Gandhi modified to 'Satyagraha' (truth-force). Gandhi offered a prize of £3 for the best name and selected Maganlal's suggestion with modification. The term was first used in the 1906 campaign against the Asiatic Registration Act in South Africa.

Correct Answer: B. Land revenue during famine

The Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 was against land revenue collection during a famine when crops failed. Sardar Patel and Gandhi jointly led the agitation. The British agreed to suspend revenue collection until the famine ended. This was a landmark victory for peasant rights in Gujarat.

Correct Answer: C. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel against an unjust 30% increase in land revenue. Women of Bardoli gave Patel the title 'Sardar' meaning leader. The British government ultimately rolled back the revenue hike. This satyagraha became a model for non-violent resistance.

Correct Answer: B. Women of Bardoli

The women of Bardoli conferred the title 'Sardar' on Vallabhbhai Patel in recognition of his leadership of the 1928 satyagraha. The title means 'chief' or 'leader' in Gujarati. Gandhi endorsed this title with pride. Patel became known as Sardar Patel from that point on.

Correct Answer: B. Dandi

The Dandi March began on March 12, 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram and ended at Dandi village on April 6. Gandhi picked up salt from the seashore to defy the Salt Laws. The march covered about 241 miles (388 km) over 24 days. It sparked the Civil Disobedience Movement across India.

Correct Answer: C. Indian Salt Act 1882

Gandhi violated the Indian Salt Act of 1882 which gave the British government monopoly over salt production. Making or collecting salt without British permission was illegal under this act. By picking up salt at Dandi, Gandhi symbolically defied this unjust law. The Civil Disobedience Movement that followed led to mass arrests across India.