Factories Act 1948 — Set 2
Labour Laws · कारखाना अधिनियम 1948 · Questions 11–20 of 140
Under the Factories Act, what provision requires a factory to maintain cleanliness?
Correct Answer: A. Section 11
Section 11 of the Factories Act specifically deals with cleanliness in factories. It requires that every factory shall be kept clean and free from effluvia arising from any drain, privy, or other nuisance. Dirt and refuse shall be removed daily. Floors, walls, and ceilings must be washed periodically. This provision is fundamental to maintaining a healthy work environment.
What does Section 87 of the Factories Act deal with?
Correct Answer: B. Hazardous process factories
Section 87 of the Factories Act empowers the State Government to declare any process or operation in a factory as a hazardous process. Once declared hazardous, the factory is subject to additional requirements including health surveillance, prohibition on employment of women and young persons, and special safety measures. The 1987 amendment inserted Chapter IV-A specifically for hazardous processes.
What is the maximum weekly working hours prescribed under the Factories Act for adults?
Correct Answer: C. 48 hours
Under Section 51 of the Factories Act, no adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in a factory for more than 48 hours in any week. This 48-hour week limit does not include overtime hours. The spread-over of working hours including intervals should not exceed 10.5 hours. These limits ensure workers have adequate rest time.
The Chief Inspector of Factories at the state level is appointed by:
Correct Answer: B. State Government
The Chief Inspector of Factories is appointed by the State Government under Section 8 of the Factories Act. They are the senior-most authority responsible for the administration and enforcement of the Act in the state. Factory inspectors work under the Chief Inspector. The Chief Inspector can exercise all powers of an Inspector.
Under the Factories Act, every worker must be given a weekly holiday on:
Correct Answer: D. Any one day as per factory's choice
Under Section 52 of the Factories Act, no adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in a factory on the first day of the week (Sunday) unless they have been given a whole day holiday on one of the three days immediately before or after the said day. The weekly rest day can be changed to any day of the week with appropriate notice. This ensures workers get adequate rest.
Under the Factories Act, the occupier must give a written notice to the Chief Inspector before starting a factory. The notice period is:
Correct Answer: B. 15 days
Under Section 7 of the Factories Act, the occupier of every factory shall send a written notice at least 15 days before the factory begins to operate. The notice must include details about the factory site, nature of manufacturing process, number of workers, power used, and name and address of the occupier and manager. This enables the inspectorate to plan inspections.
The Factories Act was amended in which year to add provisions for hazardous processes?
Correct Answer: B. 1987
The Factories Act, 1948 was significantly amended in 1987 to add Chapter IV-A, which deals with provisions relating to hazardous processes. This amendment was prompted by the Bhopal Gas Tragedy of 1984. The amendment introduced obligations for occupiers regarding disclosure of information on hazardous processes, emergency plans, and health surveillance. It strengthened worker safety significantly.
Under the Factories Act, which authority has power to grant exemptions from the Act's provisions?
Correct Answer: C. State Government
Under the Factories Act, the State Government has power to grant exemptions from certain provisions of the Act. Section 5 allows the State Government to exempt any factory or class of factories from any of the provisions of the Act in cases of public emergency. The State Government can also grant exemptions to factories in special economic zones or for specific purposes.
Under the Factories Act, what is the maximum spread over of working hours (including intervals)?
Correct Answer: C. 10.5 hours
Under Section 56 of the Factories Act, the spread over of working hours of an adult worker in a factory, including rest intervals, shall not exceed 10.5 hours in any day. This provision prevents employers from spreading working hours over an excessively long period. The spread-over restriction is distinct from the 9-hour daily limit on actual work time.
Under the Factories Act, crèche facilities are mandatory in factories employing:
Correct Answer: B. 30 or more women workers
Under Section 48 of the Factories Act, every factory employing 30 or more women workers must provide a crèche (nursery) for children below the age of 6 years of such women workers. The crèche must be adequately equipped and managed by qualified staff. Sufficient number of female attendants must be provided. This provision supports working mothers.