Factories Act 1948 — Set 6
Labour Laws · कारखाना अधिनियम 1948 · Questions 51–60 of 140
Under the Factories Act, the Inspector has power to:
Correct Answer: B. Enter and inspect any factory at any time
Under Sections 8 and 9 of the Factories Act, Factory Inspectors have wide powers to enter, inspect, and examine any factory at any time. They can examine registers and documents, question any person, take samples, and seize documents for evidence. Inspectors can issue improvement notices requiring factories to rectify violations within a specified period. Their powers help enforce the Act's provisions.
Under the Factories Act, the definition of 'power' includes:
Correct Answer: B. Electrical energy, steam, or any other form of energy
Section 2(g) of the Factories Act defines 'power' as electrical energy, or any other form of energy which is mechanically transmitted and is not generated by human or animal agency. This includes electrical energy, steam, water power, and compressed air. The definition is important because the worker threshold for a factory to be covered under the Act depends on whether power is being used.
Under the Factories Act, Section 40A requires factories involved in hazardous processes to:
Correct Answer: B. Maintain health records of workers
Under Section 40A of the Factories Act (inserted by the 1987 amendment), factories carrying on hazardous processes must maintain health records of all workers from the time of initial employment and up to a period not less than 40 years. These records help track occupational health effects over long periods. The records must be made available to workers and to the Chief Inspector.
Under the Factories Act, Section 38 deals with:
Correct Answer: B. Precautions against fire
Section 38 of the Factories Act deals with precautions in case of fire. It requires that in every factory, all practicable measures must be taken to prevent the outbreak of fire and its spread both internally and externally. Fire safety equipment including extinguishers and fire escapes must be provided and maintained in good order. Workers must be trained in fire prevention and evacuation procedures.
Under the Factories Act, a 'certifying surgeon' is appointed by:
Correct Answer: B. State Government
Under the Factories Act, certifying surgeons are appointed by the State Government. They are responsible for examining and certifying workers employed in hazardous processes, certifying the fitness of young persons to work in factories, and examining workers who claim to be unfit. Their medical certificates are an important part of the compliance framework for protecting worker health.
Under the Factories Act, Section 17 deals with:
Correct Answer: B. Lighting in factories
Section 17 of the Factories Act deals with lighting in factories. It requires that sufficient and suitable lighting, whether natural or artificial or both, must be provided in every part of a factory where workers are working or passing through. Glazed windows and skylights must be clean. Glare and the formation of shadows causing eyestrain must be prevented as much as possible.
Under the Factories Act, the Bhopal Gas Tragedy led to which amendment?
Correct Answer: B. 1987 amendment
The Factories (Amendment) Act, 1987 was enacted in response to the Bhopal Gas Tragedy of December 1984. The amendment added Chapter IV-A dealing with hazardous processes, including requirements for site-specific emergency response plans, disclosure of information about hazardous substances, worker health surveillance, and constitution of safety committees. It significantly strengthened safety provisions.
Under the Factories Act, Section 26 deals with:
Correct Answer: B. Self-acting machines
Section 26 of the Factories Act deals with self-acting machines (machines that operate automatically or with minimal manual intervention). It requires that the space between any fixed structure and the moving part of a self-acting machine must not be less than 45.7 cm (18 inches) to prevent workers from being caught between the machine and fixed structures. This provision prevents crush injuries.
Under the Factories Act, the 'Safety Committee' is required in factories involved in:
Correct Answer: B. Hazardous process factories
Chapter IV-A of the Factories Act requires the constitution of a Safety Committee in factories carrying on hazardous processes. The Safety Committee consists of representatives of workers and management in equal numbers. Its purpose is to identify and address safety hazards, promote safety culture, review accidents, and make recommendations to management. Workers have a direct say in safety matters through this committee.
Under the Factories Act, drinking water provisions are covered under which section?
Correct Answer: B. Section 18
Section 18 of the Factories Act deals with drinking water. It requires that in every factory, effective arrangements must be made to provide and maintain at suitable points conveniently situated for all workers employed, a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water. In hot weather, cool drinking water must be provided by factories employing more than 250 workers. The water points must be marked 'Drinking Water'.