NDMA & NDRF Framework — Set 12

Correct Answer: B. Infrastructure built to withstand and recover quickly from disaster impacts

Disaster Resilient Infrastructure refers to infrastructure that is designed, built, and maintained to withstand disaster and climate impacts, and to recover quickly when damaged. India's Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) promotes standards, technologies, and practices for building resilient roads, power grids, water systems, and other critical infrastructure globally. Resilient infrastructure reduces disaster losses and ensures continuity of services for communities.

Correct Answer: B. Shelter, food, water, sanitation, and health care

NDMA's Minimum Standards of Relief guidelines cover comprehensive aspects of relief operations including shelter, food, drinking water, sanitation, hygiene, and health care for disaster-affected populations. These standards are based on the Sphere Humanitarian Standards adopted internationally and ensure that relief operations meet basic human dignity requirements. States are required to follow these minimum standards when providing disaster relief.

Correct Answer: C. Finance Commission of India

The Finance Commission of India determines the norms for State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) and National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) utilization, including the eligible items of expenditure and the per unit costs for different types of relief. The 15th Finance Commission provided detailed SDRF norms covering a comprehensive list of natural disasters and specified assistance amounts. These norms are updated by each successive Finance Commission.

Correct Answer: B. Satellite imagery, remote sensing, and geospatial services for disaster monitoring

ISRO plays a critical role in India's disaster management framework by providing satellite imagery, remote sensing data, and geospatial services for disaster monitoring, mapping, and response. ISRO's Disaster Management Support (DMS) programme specifically addresses disaster-related information needs from satellite data. ISRO also operates satellite communication systems that provide reliable emergency communication during disasters.

Correct Answer: B. Incident Command System (ICS) of USA

India's Incident Response System (IRS) is adapted from the Incident Command System (ICS) originally developed in the United States. The IRS provides a standardized, scalable command structure for managing disaster response operations at the district and state level. NDMA has developed IRS guidelines and conducted training programs to implement IRS across all states and districts.

Correct Answer: C. Coastal Disaster Risk Reduction Guidelines

NDMA's Coastal Disaster Risk Reduction Guidelines specifically address cyclone shelter construction, covering design standards, location criteria, and capacity requirements for cyclone shelters in coastal areas. These guidelines have been used by states like Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal to build networks of cyclone shelters. Cyclone shelters are critical life-saving infrastructure that protect coastal communities from storm surge and high winds.

Correct Answer: A. Emergency Operations Centre

EOC stands for Emergency Operations Centre, which serves as the central coordination hub during disaster response. EOCs are established at national, state, and district levels and function as the nerve centre for information management, resource coordination, and decision-making during disasters. NDMA requires all states to have functional 24x7 Emergency Operations Centres equipped with modern communication and monitoring systems.

Correct Answer: C. India's Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations

India's disaster management assistance to foreign countries is coordinated under Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations, typically involving NDRF teams, military assets, and government disaster relief supplies. India has conducted HADR operations in Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Mozambique, and other countries. The Ministry of External Affairs coordinates diplomatic aspects while NDMA and NDRF handle operational deployment.

Correct Answer: C. Critical last-mile coordination for relief and preparedness at village level

Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) play a critical last-mile coordination role in NDMA's decentralized disaster management framework, reaching communities at the village level for preparedness, early warning dissemination, and relief distribution. Gram Panchayats are empowered under the DM Act to take local actions during emergencies and maintain disaster management plans. NDMA guidelines specifically include PRIs in disaster preparedness planning and response coordination.

Correct Answer: B. To ensure development plans do not inadvertently increase disaster risk

NDMA's mandate to review development plans of central ministries serves the purpose of ensuring that development projects do not inadvertently increase disaster risk by ignoring hazard exposure or creating new vulnerabilities. This 'risk-sensitive' development planning approach integrates DRR into mainstream development to prevent the creation of new disaster risks. NDMA provides guidelines and technical support to ministries for disaster risk screening of their programs.