NDMA & NDRF Framework — Set 16

Correct Answer: B. Cyclones and tsunamis

The correct answer is 'Cyclones and tsunamis'. NDMA mandates Coastal Community Awareness Programs specifically for cyclone and tsunami preparedness, as coastal communities face the greatest risk from these ocean-based disasters. These programs cover early warning recognition, evacuation procedures, cyclone shelter locations, and post-disaster safety measures. Regular awareness campaigns before the monsoon and cyclone seasons ensure that coastal communities are prepared for these recurring threats.

Correct Answer: B. Integrated National Doppler Weather Radar Network under IMD

The Integrated National Doppler Weather Radar Network under the India Meteorological Department (IMD) specifically supports building weather stations and Doppler radars for improved disaster early warning. IMD has expanded its Doppler radar network significantly in recent years to improve cyclone track prediction and rainfall forecasting. Better weather observations directly translate to more accurate and timely disaster warnings that save lives.

Correct Answer: B. Vulnerable groups requiring special protection AND active agents of resilience

NDMA's framework identifies women and children as both vulnerable groups requiring special protection AND active agents of community resilience in disaster management. Women are recognized for their critical roles in community preparedness, information dissemination, and recovery. NDMA guidelines call for women's participation in disaster management planning and decision-making, not just as passive beneficiaries of aid.

Correct Answer: B. NDMA coordinates with Ministry of Environment to integrate CC-related disaster risks into DM plans

NDMA coordinates with the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change to integrate climate change-related disaster risks into disaster management plans through the NAPCC-DM linkage. The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) includes missions addressing climate adaptation and disaster resilience. This coordination ensures that disaster risk reduction plans account for the changing risk landscape due to climate change.

Correct Answer: B. SDMA recommends to state govt for creating SDRF and mitigation fund

The State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) recommends to the state government for creating State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) and mitigation funds as part of its financial mandate under the Disaster Management Act 2005. The SDMA also recommends allocation of funds for disaster risk reduction measures in the state budget. This financial oversight role ensures that adequate resources are available for disaster management at the state level.

Correct Answer: B. Search for human survivors under rubble using scent detection

NDRF's dog squads use specially trained search and rescue dogs to detect the scent of human survivors buried under rubble after earthquakes or building collapses. These search dogs can cover large areas of debris quickly and locate survivors who cannot be heard or seen, significantly improving the effectiveness of urban search and rescue operations. NDRF maintains specially trained dog squads at multiple battalion locations for rapid deployment.

Correct Answer: B. Valuable complement to scientific approaches, especially for community resilience

NDMA's framework recognizes traditional knowledge as a valuable complement to scientific approaches, especially for community-level disaster resilience. Indigenous knowledge about seasonal patterns, flood behavior, safe high grounds, and traditional construction techniques often embodies centuries of adaptation to local hazards. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern disaster science can improve preparedness and reduce risk for communities that have lived with local hazards for generations.

Correct Answer: B. A multi-stakeholder forum coordinated by NDMA for DRR policy discussion

The National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDRR) is a multi-stakeholder forum coordinated by NDMA that brings together government, civil society, private sector, academia, and communities for policy dialogue and experience sharing on disaster risk reduction. It serves as India's national mechanism for coordinating DRR activities and reporting to global platforms like the Global Platform for DRR. The NPDRR meets periodically to review progress on the Sendai Framework and national DRR targets.

Correct Answer: B. Addressed in Heat Wave and Urban DRR guidelines

The urban heat island effect is addressed within NDMA's Heat Wave Guidelines and Urban Disaster Risk Reduction framework, recognizing that cities experience higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas due to the heat island effect. NDMA's guidelines acknowledge this when developing protocols for urban heat wave preparedness and response. State governments and municipal bodies are advised to factor urban heat island effects into their heat action plans.

Correct Answer: B. Need for a comprehensive legal framework, dedicated institution, and early warning systems

The primary lesson India incorporated from the 2004 Tsunami was the urgent need for a comprehensive legal framework, a dedicated national institution, and effective early warning systems for disaster management. The tsunami revealed critical gaps in India's disaster preparedness, response coordination, and early warning capabilities. These lessons directly led to the Disaster Management Act 2005, establishment of NDMA, NDRF, and the Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre at INCOIS.