Sendai & Hyogo Framework — Set 1

Correct Answer: C. 2015

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction was adopted in March 2015 at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction. The conference was held in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The framework covers the period 2015–2030 and is the first major international agreement of the post-2015 development agenda.

Correct Answer: C. Sendai, Japan

The Sendai Framework was adopted in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, in March 2015. Sendai is the largest city in the Tohoku region, which was devastated by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Hosting the conference there was symbolically significant as a statement of resilience and recovery.

Correct Answer: B. 2015–2030

The Sendai Framework covers the period 2015–2030, aligned with other major international agreements including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. It is the successor to the Hyogo Framework for Action (2005–2015). The 15-year timeframe allows for measurable progress on its seven global targets.

Correct Answer: B. 4

The Sendai Framework contains four Priorities for Action: understanding disaster risk, strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk, investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience, and enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response. These four priorities provide a structured approach to disaster risk reduction at all levels. Each priority addresses a distinct but interrelated dimension of building resilience.

Correct Answer: C. Understanding disaster risk

The first Priority for Action of the Sendai Framework is 'Understanding Disaster Risk.' This emphasizes that disaster risk management must be based on an understanding of disaster risk in all its dimensions of vulnerability, capacity, exposure of persons and assets, hazard characteristics, and the environment. Understanding risk is foundational to all other actions in disaster risk reduction.

Correct Answer: B. Strengthening disaster risk governance

The second Priority for Action is 'Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance to Manage Disaster Risk.' This priority calls for clear vision, plans, competence, guidance, and coordination within and across sectors, and participation of relevant stakeholders. Strong governance across national and local levels is essential for effective disaster risk management.

Correct Answer: C. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience

The third Priority for Action is 'Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience.' This priority calls for public and private investment in risk prevention and reduction through structural and non-structural measures to enhance economic, social, health, and cultural resilience. Investment in DRR is recognized as cost-effective compared to post-disaster response and recovery.

Correct Answer: D. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response

The fourth Priority for Action is 'Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response and to Build Back Better in Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction.' This priority recognizes that preparedness must go beyond response to include building back stronger after disasters. The concept of 'Build Back Better' ensures that reconstruction reduces future vulnerability.

Correct Answer: C. 7

The Sendai Framework has seven global targets to be achieved by 2030. These targets cover mortality reduction, reducing the number of people affected, economic loss reduction, damage to critical infrastructure, increasing international cooperation, availability of early warning systems, and DRR strategies. Progress against these targets is tracked through the Sendai Monitor.

Correct Answer: B. Substantially reduce global disaster mortality

Global Target A of the Sendai Framework aims to substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower the average per 100,000 global mortality rate between 2020–2030 compared to 2005–2015. Reducing deaths from disasters is the most fundamental measure of progress in disaster risk reduction. This target requires investment in early warning, preparedness, and risk-informed development.