Sendai & Hyogo Framework — Set 12

Correct Answer: B. Both address urban resilience; Sendai Framework DRR principles are integrated into the New Urban Agenda

The Sendai Framework and the New Urban Agenda (adopted at Habitat III in Quito, Ecuador, in 2016) are closely aligned, with the New Urban Agenda incorporating DRR principles from the Sendai Framework for building resilient cities. Both agreements recognize the critical role of cities in disaster risk reduction and the need for risk-informed urban planning. The integration of DRR into urban development agendas is central to achieving both frameworks' goals.

Correct Answer: B. A dedicated professional disaster response force with specialized training and equipment

India's National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is a dedicated professional force with specialized training and equipment for disaster rescue, search, and relief operations. Each NDRF battalion is specially trained in specific disaster scenarios including floods, cyclones, earthquakes, chemical/biological/radiological incidents, and collapsed structure search and rescue. India's NDRF is widely regarded as one of the world's most effective national disaster response forces and has participated in international disaster relief operations.

Correct Answer: B. It expands preparedness to include 'preparedness for effective response and Build Back Better'

The Sendai Framework expands the concept of disaster preparedness beyond immediate response to include 'preparedness for effective response and to Build Back Better in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.' This broader view recognises that preparedness must encompass planning for reconstruction that reduces future risk, not just plans for immediate relief. Earlier frameworks treated preparedness more narrowly as planning for emergency response only.

Correct Answer: B. A biennial multi-stakeholder forum convened by UNDRR to review Sendai Framework progress

The Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction is a biennial multi-stakeholder forum convened by UNDRR, bringing together governments, international organizations, civil society, private sector, and scientific community to review progress in implementing disaster risk reduction frameworks. It has been held biennially since 2007 and serves as the principal global forum for sharing knowledge and guiding DRR implementation. The Global Platform helps maintain political momentum for the Sendai Framework.

Correct Answer: A. Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, Sendai, 2015

The Sendai Declaration was adopted alongside the Sendai Framework at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Sendai, Japan, in March 2015. The declaration expressed the political commitment of participating governments to implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. Together, the declaration and the framework constitute the principal international outcome of the conference.

Correct Answer: B. Ensuring that public and private investments do not create new disaster risks and reduce existing ones

Risk-sensitive investment means ensuring that all public and private investments — in infrastructure, buildings, agriculture, and industry — incorporate disaster risk assessments so they do not create new risks and actively reduce existing ones. The Sendai Framework's third priority calls for risk-sensitive investment as essential for building resilience. Infrastructure investments that ignore disaster risk often have shorter lifespans and higher long-term costs due to disaster damages.

Correct Answer: B. It acknowledges that disaster risk can be exacerbated by conflict and calls for addressing complex crises

The Sendai Framework acknowledges that disaster risk can be exacerbated by conflict, fragility, and displacement, and calls for addressing disaster risk in complex and fragile contexts. Countries affected by conflict often have the highest disaster vulnerability due to damaged infrastructure, displaced populations, and weakened governance. This recognition reflects the growing overlap between humanitarian crises, conflict, and natural disaster risk in international development thinking.

Correct Answer: B. It raises awareness and celebrates progress in DRR aligned with the Sendai Framework's themes each year

October 13, observed as the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction, raises global awareness about the importance of disaster risk reduction and celebrates progress made by individuals, communities, and governments. Since the Sendai Framework's adoption, UNDRR has used the day to highlight one of the seven global targets each year, building public awareness and political commitment. The day was originally established by the UN General Assembly in 1989 as part of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction.

Correct Answer: B. Formal national policies and plans that align disaster risk reduction with national development goals

Under Sendai Framework Target E, national DRR strategies are formal national policies and plans that set out a country's approach to understanding, preventing, and managing disaster risk in alignment with its national development goals. India's National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) is India's national DRR strategy. Target E aimed to substantially increase the number of countries with such strategies by 2020, and global progress on this target has been strong.

Correct Answer: B. To build a safer, disaster-resilient India through a culture of prevention, mitigation, and preparedness

India's vision for disaster management, as articulated through NDMA, the NDMP, and India's engagement with international frameworks, is to build a safer, disaster-resilient India by developing and promoting a culture of prevention, preparedness, and mitigation. This vision aligns with the Sendai Framework's emphasis on proactive risk reduction rather than reactive disaster response. India has embedded this vision in its NDMA mandate, NDRF capabilities, early warning systems, and community preparedness programmes.