Sendai & Hyogo Framework — Set 5

Correct Answer: B. National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP)

India's National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP), first prepared in 2016 and updated in 2019, is India's primary instrument for implementing the Sendai Framework commitments. The NDMP provides a framework for preparing and implementing disaster risk management actions across all phases of the disaster management cycle. It aligns India's disaster management actions with the four priorities and seven global targets of the Sendai Framework.

Correct Answer: B. Narendra Modi

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a Ten-Point Agenda for Disaster Risk Reduction at the Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in New Delhi in November 2016. The agenda outlined India's vision for disaster risk reduction including DRR as a development priority, risk-sensitive investment, and gender and social equity. This articulation put India at the forefront of global DRR leadership.

Correct Answer: B. December 2004

The Indian Ocean Tsunami occurred on December 26, 2004, triggered by a magnitude 9.1–9.3 earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. It killed over 230,000 people across 14 countries, making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. The tsunami struck just weeks before the World Conference on Disaster Reduction in Kobe, significantly shaping the content and urgency of the Hyogo Framework.

Correct Answer: B. Building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters

The Hyogo Framework for Action (2005–2015) aimed to substantially reduce disaster losses through 'building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters.' Its strategic goals included integrating disaster risk reduction into sustainable development, developing and strengthening institutions and mechanisms, and incorporating risk reduction into emergency preparedness. HFA was significant for mainstreaming DRR into national development planning.

Correct Answer: B. World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction, Yokohama, Japan

The Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World was produced at the World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction held in Yokohama, Japan, in 1994. This was the first world conference specifically dedicated to natural disaster reduction. The Yokohama Strategy emphasized prevention and preparedness as more humane and cost-effective than post-disaster response.

Correct Answer: B. Addressing all relevant hazards and taking into account their interaction

A 'multi-hazard approach' in the Sendai Framework means addressing all relevant hazards — whether natural, man-made, or technological — and taking into account their possible interaction and compounding effects. Rather than treating each hazard in isolation, this approach recognises that risks can cascade or compound across different hazard types. Multi-hazard early warning systems and multi-hazard risk assessments are key tools promoted by the Sendai Framework.

Correct Answer: B. A seven-year advocacy campaign for the seven global targets of the Sendai Framework

The 'Sendai Seven Campaign' is an advocacy initiative launched by UNDRR to promote action on each of the seven global targets of the Sendai Framework over successive years. Each year of the campaign focused on a different target, building awareness and political commitment for disaster risk reduction. The campaign helped translate the framework's abstract targets into concrete national and local actions.

Correct Answer: B. Serving as co-chair of the preparatory committee and actively shaping the framework text

India played a prominent role in the Sendai Framework adoption process by serving as co-chair of the preparatory committee and actively contributing to the negotiations that shaped the final framework text. India's experience with large-scale disaster risk management — particularly cyclone preparedness and the NDMA system — was influential in discussions. India is recognized as one of the key architects of the Sendai Framework.

Correct Answer: C. UNDRR

UNDRR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction) is specifically designated as the lead body for facilitating the implementation, follow-up, and review of the Sendai Framework. UNDRR provides technical guidance, supports country reporting through the Sendai Monitor, and coordinates disaster risk reduction activities across the UN system. It is headquartered in Geneva and has regional offices in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, and the Arab States.

Correct Answer: B. The capacity of a system, community, or society to resist, absorb, accommodate and recover from hazards

In disaster management, 'resilience' refers to the capacity of a system, community, or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate, adapt to, transform, and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner. Resilience involves preserving and restoring essential basic structures and functions. The Sendai Framework aims to enhance the resilience of countries and communities to disasters.