Sendai & Hyogo Framework — Set 7

Correct Answer: C. Geneva

UNDRR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction) is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, alongside other major UN agencies dealing with humanitarian and human rights issues. UNDRR maintains regional offices in Africa, the Americas, Asia-Pacific, Europe, and the Arab States to support regional implementation of the Sendai Framework. Geneva's central location in international diplomacy makes it a suitable base for coordinating global DRR efforts.

Correct Answer: B. Engaging businesses as partners in disaster risk reduction and resilient investment

The Sendai Framework explicitly calls for engaging the private sector as a key partner in disaster risk reduction, recognising that businesses can both create and reduce disaster risk through their investment and operational decisions. Private sector engagement includes integrating disaster risk into business continuity planning, investing in resilient infrastructure, and supporting community disaster preparedness. The framework created the Private Sector Alliance for Disaster Resilient Societies (ARISE) to promote this engagement.

Correct Answer: B. World Conference on Disaster Reduction, Kobe, Japan

The Hyogo Framework for Action was adopted at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, from January 18–22, 2005. The conference was attended by representatives of 168 governments and a large number of international organizations and civil society groups. The timing — weeks after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami — gave the conference enormous urgency and political momentum.

Correct Answer: B. Ensuring women, children, elderly, disabled people, and marginalized communities are included in DRR

Inclusive disaster risk reduction means ensuring that women, children, elderly people, persons with disabilities, and other marginalized communities are not just protected from disasters but actively participate in DRR planning and decision-making. The Sendai Framework explicitly calls for gender-sensitive, age-sensitive, and disability-inclusive approaches. Evidence shows that disasters disproportionately impact these groups, making their inclusion in DRR essential for achieving equity.

Correct Answer: B. Hyogo Declaration

The outcome documents of the 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction were the Hyogo Declaration and the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015. The Hyogo Declaration expressed the political commitment of governments to implement the framework. The name 'Hyogo' refers to the prefecture of Japan where Kobe is located, where the conference was held.

Correct Answer: B. Sendai Monitor — an online reporting platform managed by UNDRR

The Sendai Monitor is the key online platform managed by UNDRR for tracking progress on the seven global targets of the Sendai Framework. Countries voluntarily report disaster loss data and information on national DRR strategies through this platform. The data from the Sendai Monitor feeds into the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction, published by UNDRR every two years.

Correct Answer: B. A biennial report by UNDRR assessing global disaster risk and DRR progress

The Global Assessment Report (GAR) on Disaster Risk Reduction is a biennial report published by UNDRR that provides a comprehensive assessment of global disaster risk and progress in implementing the Sendai Framework. It synthesizes data from the Sendai Monitor, scientific research, and national reporting. The GAR has become one of the most authoritative sources on global disaster risk trends and DRR effectiveness.

Correct Answer: B. Article 7 (Adaptation)

Article 7 of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change addresses adaptation, which explicitly includes 'reducing vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change, including through the enhancement of adaptive capacity and the development of low-emission strategies.' This closely overlaps with disaster risk reduction objectives. The Sendai Framework and Paris Agreement Article 7 are designed to complement each other in building resilience to climate-related hazards.

Correct Answer: B. Engaging communities as active participants in identifying, assessing, and reducing their own disaster risks

Community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM) involves engaging communities as active participants in identifying, assessing, and reducing their own disaster risks rather than treating them as passive recipients of government assistance. CBDRM recognises that local communities have unique knowledge of their own hazards, vulnerabilities, and capacities. The Sendai Framework's call for a 'whole-of-society' approach includes CBDRM as a central element.

Correct Answer: B. India was a key negotiating country that shaped the framework and has NDMA as a model institution

India was a key negotiating country in the Sendai Framework adoption process and had already established the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in 2005 after the Disaster Management Act. India's NDMA system, NDRF, and large-scale disaster preparedness programmes were cited as model approaches. India's experience with cyclone preparedness, the 2004 tsunami response, and community-based preparedness contributed to the framework's design.