Sendai & Hyogo Framework — Set 8

Correct Answer: B. Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva

The Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, held in Geneva in 2019, was a key event that marked the beginning of the midterm review of the Sendai Framework. The Global Platform is a biennial forum convened by UNDRR that provides a space for governments, international organizations, and civil society to share progress on Sendai Framework implementation. The midterm review process was formally launched to assess progress and identify gaps.

Correct Answer: B. How development decisions and societal processes generate and amplify disaster risk

The concept of 'disaster risk creation' in the Sendai Framework refers to how development decisions, land-use patterns, governance failures, and societal processes can generate and amplify disaster risk rather than reduce it. For example, building in flood plains, cutting down forests, or ignoring building codes creates disaster risk. This concept emphasises that disaster risk is not simply natural but is largely shaped by human decisions.

Correct Answer: B. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

ESCAP stands for the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, a regional commission of the United Nations that promotes cooperation among its member states on economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific. The WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones, of which RSMC New Delhi is a key body, coordinates cyclone forecasting and warning across the North Indian Ocean region. ESCAP has been instrumental in promoting regional disaster risk reduction cooperation.

Correct Answer: B. 2016

The Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction was held in New Delhi, India, in November 2016. PM Narendra Modi delivered his Ten-Point Agenda for Disaster Risk Reduction at this conference. The conference produced the 'New Delhi Declaration' on disaster risk reduction in Asia, committing regional governments to accelerate implementation of the Sendai Framework.

Correct Answer: B. It recognizes the special context and vulnerabilities of SIDS and calls for targeted international support

The Sendai Framework explicitly recognizes the special context and vulnerabilities of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and calls for targeted international cooperation and support to address their disproportionate disaster risk. SIDS face existential threats from rising sea levels, increasingly intense tropical cyclones, and limited adaptive capacity. India's CDRI-IRIS initiative specifically targets infrastructure resilience in SIDS.

Correct Answer: B. An open-source software for generating realistic disaster scenarios for risk assessment

InaSAFE is an open-source software tool developed through collaboration between the Australian Government, the Indonesian Government, and the World Bank that helps disaster managers produce realistic disaster scenarios and risk assessments. It is widely used in Asia-Pacific countries for multi-hazard risk analysis. Tools like InaSAFE support the Sendai Framework's first priority of understanding disaster risk.

Correct Answer: B. The framework calls for gender-sensitive DRR policies and equal participation of women in DRR

The Sendai Framework explicitly calls for gender-sensitive disaster risk reduction policies and equal participation of women, including in leadership roles in DRR. Evidence consistently shows that disasters disproportionately affect women and girls due to social inequalities, while women also bring critical knowledge and leadership to community resilience. Gender mainstreaming in DRR is recognized as essential for achieving equitable and effective disaster risk reduction.

Correct Answer: A. Development that identifies and manages disaster risks within planning and investment processes

Risk-informed development means incorporating disaster risk considerations — including current and future climate-related risks — into all development planning, investment decisions, and policy choices. Rather than treating disaster risk management as a separate sector, risk-informed development integrates it into urban planning, infrastructure investment, environmental management, and social protection. The Sendai Framework calls for risk-informed development as a central principle.

Correct Answer: B. A review at the halfway point 2023, to assess progress and accelerate action

The Midterm Review of the Sendai Framework was conducted in 2023, at the halfway point of the framework's 2015–2030 period. The review assessed progress on the seven global targets, identified gaps, and recommended actions to accelerate implementation in the remaining years. The High-Level Midterm Review conference was held in Geneva in May 2023, concluding that progress on all seven targets was insufficient and requiring acceleration.

Correct Answer: B. Adaptation adjusts to climate impacts; DRR reduces risk — they share tools and approaches

Climate change adaptation involves adjusting to the current and expected impacts of climate change to reduce harm or exploit opportunities, while disaster risk reduction aims to reduce the vulnerability and exposure of communities to hazards. Since climate change is increasingly driving disaster risk, adaptation and DRR share many tools, approaches, and objectives. The Sendai Framework and Paris Agreement explicitly call for joint approaches to climate adaptation and DRR.