Sendai & Hyogo Framework — Set 11

Correct Answer: B. NDMA is India's national authority for DRR implementing Sendai Framework priorities at the national level

The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), chaired by the Prime Minister of India, is India's national authority for implementing disaster risk reduction policies and the Sendai Framework priorities at the national level. NDMA formulates policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management and coordinates their implementation across central ministries and states. India's NDMA system is often cited as a model for Sendai Framework implementation.

Correct Answer: B. Involving government, civil society, private sector, academia, media, and communities in DRR

The 'whole-of-society approach' in the Sendai Framework means involving every part of society — including government at all levels, civil society organizations, the private sector, academia, media, and communities — in disaster risk reduction activities. This approach recognizes that disaster risk is created and experienced across all sectors of society, and that no single sector can address it alone. The whole-of-society approach is complemented by the 'whole-of-government' approach.

Correct Answer: B. CDRI directly supports Sendai Framework Targets D and G by promoting infrastructure that withstands disasters

CDRI directly supports the Sendai Framework by promoting infrastructure resilience, which relates most closely to Target D (reducing damage to critical infrastructure) and the framework's third priority (investing in DRR for resilience). When infrastructure is designed to withstand disasters, it reduces casualties, economic losses, and disruption of essential services. India's leadership of CDRI is a major contribution to the Sendai Framework's implementation globally.

Correct Answer: B. A multi-stakeholder national coordination body for DRR in India chaired by the Home Minister

The National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDRR) in India is a multi-stakeholder coordination body that brings together government agencies, civil society, private sector, and academic institutions to coordinate and mainstream disaster risk reduction in India. Chaired by the Home Minister, NPDRR facilitates the implementation of the Sendai Framework and India's NDMP through multi-stakeholder dialogue. India's NPDRR was one of the first national platforms established in line with Hyogo Framework recommendations.

Correct Answer: B. Disaster risks that originate in one country but affect neighbouring countries across borders

Transboundary risks in the Sendai Framework context refer to disaster risks that originate or are concentrated in one country but have significant impacts on neighbouring countries across international borders. Floods from shared river basins like the Brahmaputra, Ganga, and Kosi that affect both Nepal/China and India are classic examples of transboundary disaster risks. The Sendai Framework calls for enhanced international cooperation to address transboundary risks through shared early warning systems and joint risk assessments.

Correct Answer: B. It established the foundational principle that disaster prevention is more effective than disaster response

The Yokohama Strategy's major contribution was establishing the foundational principle that disaster prevention and preparedness are more humane, effective, and cost-efficient than post-disaster response and recovery. This represented a paradigm shift in international thinking about disasters, moving from viewing them as inevitable natural events requiring relief to recognising them as preventable risks requiring proactive management. This principle underpins all subsequent international DRR frameworks.

Correct Answer: C. Five

The Hyogo Framework for Action had five priorities for action: making DRR a national priority; identifying, assessing and monitoring disaster risks; building understanding and awareness; reducing underlying risk factors; and strengthening disaster preparedness. These five priorities aimed to substantially reduce disaster losses by 2015. The Sendai Framework subsequently refined and consolidated these into four priorities.

Correct Answer: B. Poverty drives disaster vulnerability while disasters push people into poverty — a reinforcing cycle

SDG 1 (No Poverty) and disaster risk reduction are deeply interconnected: poverty increases vulnerability to disasters as poor people often live in high-risk areas with inadequate housing and limited resources to recover, while disasters destroy livelihoods and assets, pushing survivors into poverty. This reinforcing cycle makes it impossible to achieve SDG 1 without reducing disaster risk. The Sendai Framework recognizes poverty as a key underlying driver of disaster risk.

Correct Answer: B. To provide sector-specific guidance for mainstreaming DRR into various development sectors

National Disaster Management Guidelines issued by NDMA provide sector-specific guidance for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into various development sectors including urban planning, rural development, transport, health, and education. These guidelines help sectoral ministries and departments integrate DRR into their programmes and policies. They are important instruments for implementing the Sendai Framework's 'whole-of-government' approach to disaster risk reduction in India.

Correct Answer: B. A platform for non-state actors to register DRR commitments aligned with the Sendai Framework

The Sendai Framework Voluntary Commitments portal allows non-state actors — including civil society organizations, private sector, academia, and local governments — to register their specific commitments to implement the Sendai Framework. This mechanism extends accountability beyond national governments to all stakeholders in society. The voluntary commitments demonstrate the 'whole-of-society' approach to disaster risk reduction.