Sendai & Hyogo Framework — Set 2

Correct Answer: B. Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally

Global Target B aims to substantially reduce the number of people globally affected by disasters, with a goal of lowering the average global figure per 100,000 by 2020–2030 compared to 2005–2015. 'Affected' includes people who are injured, displaced, or who require emergency assistance. This target measures the broader human impact of disasters beyond mortality.

Correct Answer: C. Reducing direct economic loss relative to GDP

Global Target C aims to reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030. Economic losses from disasters have been increasing globally due to greater asset exposure in disaster-prone areas. This target encourages governments to integrate disaster risk considerations into economic planning and investment decisions.

Correct Answer: B. Reducing critical infrastructure damage and disruption of basic services

Global Target D focuses on substantially reducing disaster damage to critical infrastructure — such as health and educational facilities — and disruption of basic services, including through building their resilience by 2030. Critical infrastructure failures during disasters significantly multiply human suffering and economic losses. This target recognizes that resilient infrastructure is central to disaster risk reduction.

Correct Answer: B. Substantially increasing the number of countries with national and local DRR strategies

Global Target E aims to substantially increase the number of countries that have national and local disaster risk reduction strategies by 2020. Having a formal DRR strategy ensures that governments have clear plans, resources, and accountability for disaster risk management. India's National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) is India's key instrument under this target.

Correct Answer: B. Substantially enhancing international cooperation for developing countries

Global Target F calls for substantially enhancing international cooperation to developing countries through adequate and sustainable support to complement their national actions for implementation of the Sendai Framework. This includes technology transfer, capacity building, and financial support. The target recognizes that developing countries often bear a disproportionate burden of disaster impacts relative to their economic capacity.

Correct Answer: B. Substantially increasing the availability and access to multi-hazard early warning systems

Global Target G aims to substantially increase the availability and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments to people by 2030. Early warning systems save lives by giving people time to take protective action before disasters strike. This target reflects the scientific consensus that early warning is among the most cost-effective disaster risk reduction measures.

Correct Answer: B. Hyogo Framework for Action

The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005–2015 preceded the Sendai Framework as the primary international framework for disaster risk reduction. HFA was adopted at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction held in Kobe, Japan, in January 2005. HFA laid important groundwork but its successor, the Sendai Framework, provides more concrete targets and clearer accountability.

Correct Answer: C. Kobe, 2005

The Hyogo Framework for Action was adopted at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction held in Kobe, Japan, in January 2005. Kobe was chosen symbolically because it was the site of the devastating 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake. The framework was named after Hyogo Prefecture in which Kobe is located, and covered the period 2005–2015.

Correct Answer: A. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

The Hyogo Framework was adopted in January 2005, just weeks after the devastating 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami that killed over 230,000 people across 14 countries. This catastrophic disaster created enormous political momentum for a new global disaster risk reduction framework. The 2004 tsunami highlighted the critical need for multi-hazard early warning systems and prepared communities.

Correct Answer: B. Ensure DRR is a priority, Know the risks, Build understanding, Reduce risk, Strengthen preparedness

The Hyogo Framework for Action had five priorities: ensuring that disaster risk reduction is a national priority; identifying, assessing and monitoring disaster risks; building a culture of safety; reducing underlying risk factors; and strengthening disaster preparedness for effective response. These priorities focused on mainstreaming DRR into governance and development planning. The Hyogo Framework was significant for shifting the focus from reactive disaster response to proactive risk reduction.