Gandhian Era — Set 1
Indian History · गांधी युग · Questions 1–10 of 170
Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in which year?
Correct Answer: D. 1915
Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa on January 9, 1915. This day is now celebrated as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas to mark the contribution of the overseas Indian community. He had spent over 20 years in South Africa fighting for civil rights.
Who is considered the 'Political Guru' of Mahatma Gandhi?
Correct Answer: C. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Gopal Krishna Gokhale is considered the political guru of Mahatma Gandhi. He advised Gandhi to travel across India for a year to understand the land and its people before entering politics. Gokhale was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and founder of the Servants of India Society.
Which was the first Satyagraha movement led by Gandhi in India?
Correct Answer: A. Champaran Satyagraha
The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was Gandhi's first Satyagraha movement in India. It was launched to support the indigo planters of Champaran, Bihar, who were forced to grow indigo under the Tinkathia system. Raj Kumar Shukla persuaded Gandhi to visit Champaran.
The 'Tinkathia System' in Champaran was related to the cultivation of:
Correct Answer: C. Indigo
The Tinkathia system forced farmers to cultivate indigo on three-twentieths (3/20) of their landholdings. This system was exploitative and caused immense economic hardship to the peasants. Gandhi's intervention led to the abolition of this system.
Who among the following was a key leader associated with the Kheda Satyagraha alongside Gandhi?
Correct Answer: B. Vallabhbhai Patel
Vallabhbhai Patel was a key leader who joined Gandhi during the Kheda Satyagraha in 1918. He left his lucrative legal practice to organize the peasants against tax collection during a famine. This marked the beginning of his lifelong association with the freedom struggle.
The Ahmedabad Mill Strike of 1918 was primarily fought over which issue?
Correct Answer: B. Plague Bonus
The Ahmedabad Mill Strike was fought over the issue of the 'Plague Bonus' which the mill owners wanted to withdraw. Gandhi undertook his first hunger strike during this movement. Eventually, a 35% wage hike was agreed upon for the workers.
The Rowlatt Act was passed in which year?
Correct Answer: A. 1919
The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, popularly known as the Rowlatt Act, was passed in March 1919. It authorized the government to imprison any person without trial and conviction in a court of law. Gandhi organized a nationwide Satyagraha against this 'Black Act'.
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on which date?
Correct Answer: A. April 13, 1919
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, on the festival of Baisakhi. General Dyer ordered troops to fire on a peaceful unarmed crowd in Amritsar. This event turned many moderate Indians into staunch nationalists.
Who renounced his Knighthood in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
Correct Answer: B. Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore renounced his Knighthood in protest against the brutality of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. He wrote a strong letter to the Viceroy, Lord Chelmsford, condemning the act. Gandhi returned his Kaiser-i-Hind medal around the same time.
The Khilafat Movement was launched to protest the treatment of which empire after World War I?
Correct Answer: D. Ottoman Empire
The Khilafat Movement was launched to protect the status of the Caliph (Khalifa) of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). Indian Muslims were concerned about the dismemberment of Turkey by Britain after World War I. The Ali brothers were prominent leaders of this movement.