Gandhian Era — Set 15

Correct Answer: B. Nizam's Police Action

• **Komaram Bheem** = Gond tribal leader who fought the **Nizam's administration** for tribal rights. • His slogan: **'Jal, Jangal, Zameen'** (Water, Forest, Land); fought from Jodeghat (Adilabad district). • Killed by Nizam's police in **1940**; later became a symbol of tribal resistance in Telangana. • 💡 Rampa Rebellion = Alluri Sitarama Raju's uprising (Andhra **1922**–24); Moplah Rebellion = Muslim agrarian revolt (Kerala **1921**); Santhal Rebellion = **1855** tribal uprising in Bengal.

Correct Answer: A. Malabar (Kerala)

• **Moplah (Mapilla) Rebellion (1921)** = in **Malabar (Kerala)** — started as anti-British/Khilafat protest. • Muslim peasants (Moplahs) revolted against Hindu landlords and British authority; turned communal. • Gandhi and Congress initially supported but later condemned the violence; over **10,000 killed**. • 💡 Maharashtra = not where Moplah rebellion was; Punjab = Akali/Gurdwara movement; Bengal = Tebhaga peasant movement (**1946**).

Correct Answer: D. B.R. Ambedkar

• **B.R. Ambedkar** founded the **Independent Labour Party in 1936** before the 1937 provincial elections. • Won **15 seats** in the Bombay elections; advocated for workers and the depressed classes. • Ambedkar later founded the **Scheduled Castes Federation (1942)** and **Republican Party of India (1956)**. • 💡 M.N. Roy = founded Communist Party of India; S.A. Dange = communist labour leader; Jagjivan Ram = joined Congress, different party.

Correct Answer: B. B.N. Rau

• **Sir B.N. Rau** = Constitutional Advisor to the **Constituent Assembly**; prepared the **initial draft**. • His draft was then handed to the **Drafting Committee chaired by Ambedkar** for revision. • Later served as a **judge at the International Court of Justice**; also helped draft Burma's constitution. • 💡 Ambedkar = Chairman of Drafting Committee, not Constitutional Advisor; Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer = member of Drafting Committee; K.M. Munshi = also Drafting Committee member.

Correct Answer: A. Bengal

• **Tebhaga Movement (1946–47)** = peasant uprising in **Bengal** demanding **two-thirds (tebhaga) of harvest**. • Sharecroppers had been getting only half; demanded 2/3 share; led by **Bengal Kisan Sabha** (CPI). • Suppressed by the government; around **200 villages** participated across Bengal. • 💡 Punjab = Akali/land reform movements; Telangana = Nizam-era communist peasant struggle; Kerala = Mappila Rebellion **1921**.

Correct Answer: D. Dadabhai Naoroji

• **Dadabhai Naoroji** wrote **'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India' (1901)** — foundational economic critique. • Detailed Britain's **economic exploitation** via the 'Drain of Wealth' — India's wealth extracted, not reinvested. • His 'Drain Theory' inspired later economists like **R.C. Dutt** ('Economic History of India'). • 💡 R.C. Dutt = wrote economic history, different book; Amartya Sen = modern economist; Gandhi = wrote 'Hind Swaraj'; Naoroji alone wrote this foundational text.

Correct Answer: B. Lord Linlithgow

• **Lord Linlithgow** = Viceroy who made the **August Offer (1940)** to win Indian war support. • He served from **1936 to 1943** — the longest tenure as Viceroy of British India. • Also during his tenure: **1937 elections**, Congress ministry resignations (1939), Quit India (1942). • 💡 Irwin = **1926**–31, Gandhi-Irwin Pact Viceroy; Willingdon = **1931**–36, suppressed Civil Disobedience; Wavell = **1943**–47, Cabinet Mission era.

Correct Answer: A. Winston Churchill

• **Winston Churchill** was British PM when **Cripps Mission visited India (March 1942)**. • Sent under US pressure (Roosevelt insisted) to secure Indian cooperation in WWII; Churchill personally opposed. • Churchill famously said he did not become PM 'to preside over the liquidation of the British Empire'. • 💡 Neville Chamberlain = PM before Churchill (**1937**–40); Clement Attlee = PM during independence **1947**; Ramsay MacDonald = PM during Communal Award **1932**.

Correct Answer: B. B.R. Ambedkar

• **B.R. Ambedkar** attended all **three Round Table Conferences** (1930, 1931, 1932) in London. • **Tej Bahadur Sapru** also attended all three; Gandhi attended only the **Second (1931)**. • At RTC, Ambedkar demanded separate electorates for Depressed Classes — granted in Communal Award. • 💡 Sardar Patel = not in any RTC; Gandhi = Second only; Nehru = not in RTCs; Ambedkar alone attended all three.

Correct Answer: C. V.D. Savarkar

• **V.D. Savarkar** called 1857 revolt the **'First War of Independence'** in his book (1909). • His book '**The Indian War of Independence 1857**' challenged the British 'Sepoy Mutiny' narrative. • The book was **banned** by the British; smuggled into India; inspired revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh. • 💡 R.C. Majumdar = called it 'neither first, nor national, nor war of independence'; S.N. Sen = wrote 'Eighteen Fifty-Seven'; Nehru = called it 'a war of Indian independence'.