Gandhian Era — Set 14
Indian History · गांधी युग · Questions 131–140 of 170
Which freedom fighter was known as 'Loknayak'?
Correct Answer: B. Jayaprakash Narayan
• **Jayaprakash Narayan (JP)** = known as **'Loknayak'** (Leader of the People). • Freedom fighter (Quit India 1942 underground leader); later led the **JP Movement against Emergency (1975–77)**. • Founded **Congress Socialist Party (1934)**; his call mobilised anti-Indira Gandhi forces. • 💡 Tilak = 'Lokmanya'; C.R. Das = 'Deshbandhu'; Chittaranjan Das ≠ JP; C.F. Andrews = 'Deenabandhu', Gandhi's friend.
Who was the main accused in the Assembly Bomb Case along with Bhagat Singh?
Correct Answer: D. Batukeshwar Dutt
• **Batukeshwar Dutt** = Bhagat Singh's companion in **Assembly Bomb Case (April 8, 1929)**. • Both threw smoke bombs and leaflets, then **surrendered** to ensure maximum publicity for their cause. • Dutt was sentenced to **transportation for life** at Cellular Jail, Andaman; released 1938. • 💡 Jatin Das = hunger striker in Lahore jail (63 days); Rajguru = executed with Bhagat Singh **1931**; Sukhdev = also executed, not Assembly bomb co-accused.
Jatin Das died in prison after a hunger strike of how many days?
Correct Answer: D. 63 days
• **Jatin Das** died on **September 13, 1929** after a hunger strike of **63 days** in Lahore Jail. • Protested inhumane treatment of political prisoners; his hunger strike lasted the longest. • His death caused massive protests; **Subhash Chandra Bose** led his funeral procession in Calcutta. • 💡 50 days = wrong; 45 days = wrong; 90 days = exaggeration; 63 days is the correct, exact.
Who coined the term 'Pakistan'?
Correct Answer: B. Choudhry Rahmat Ali
• **Choudhry Rahmat Ali** coined **'Pakistan'** in **1933** in his pamphlet **'Now or Never'** from Cambridge. • **P**unjab, **A**fghania, **K**ashmir, **S**indh, baluchi**stan** — the letters formed 'Pakistan' (also means 'Pure Land' in Urdu). • Iqbal had the vision of a Muslim state (**1930**), but Rahmat Ali gave it the name 'Pakistan'. • 💡 Iqbal = gave Muslim state vision (**1930**) but didn't coin 'Pakistan'; Liaquat = first PM; Jinnah = demanded and created Pakistan.
The 'Simla Deputation' (1906) was led by:
Correct Answer: D. Aga Khan III
• **Simla Deputation (1906)** led by **Aga Khan III** — Muslim leaders met Viceroy Lord Minto. • They demanded **separate electorates for Muslims** in any future reforms. • Demand was granted in the **Indian Councils Act 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms)** — seed of partition. • 💡 Badshah Khan = Frontier Gandhi, opposed partition; Nawab Salimullah = co-organised but didn't lead; Jinnah = not in **1906** deputation, joined League **1913**.
Who was the founder of the 'Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh' (RSS)?
Correct Answer: D. K.B. Hedgewar
• **K.B. Hedgewar** founded the **RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh) in 1925** in Nagpur. • Established as a social-cultural organisation to train Hindu youth; Hedgewar was a **doctor** by profession. • **M.S. Golwalkar** ('Guruji') succeeded Hedgewar as chief (Sarsanghchalak) and expanded RSS. • 💡 Shyama Prasad Mukherjee = founded Jan Sangh (**1951**); V.D. Savarkar = ideologue, not RSS founder; Golwalkar = 2nd chief, not founder.
Which Viceroy repealed the partition of Bengal in 1911?
Correct Answer: D. Lord Hardinge II
• **Lord Hardinge II** repealed the **Partition of Bengal in 1911** during the Delhi Durbar. • Bengal Partition (1905 by Curzon) had sparked the **Swadeshi Movement** and massive protests. • Simultaneously, the **capital was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi** (both announced at Delhi Durbar 1911). • 💡 Lord Minto = worked with Morley on **1909** Act; Lord Curzon = partitioned Bengal in **1905**; Chelmsford = **1919** Dyarchy/Jallianwala era.
Who was the first Indian to raise the national flag on foreign soil?
Correct Answer: D. Madam Bhikaji Cama
• **Madam Bhikaji Cama** = first to unfurl an Indian flag on foreign soil at **Stuttgart, Germany in 1907**. • She hoisted it at the **International Socialist Congress** in Stuttgart; the flag was a precursor of the tricolor. • Born in Bombay Parsi family; lived in exile in Europe; called **'Mother of Indian Revolution'**. • 💡 Bose = raised flag in Andaman **1943** (Indian soil); Lala Har Dayal = Ghadar Party in USA; Rash Behari Bose = raised flag in Japan area.
The 'Meerut Conspiracy Case' (1929) was launched against:
Correct Answer: A. Communists/Trade Unionists
• **Meerut Conspiracy Case (1929)** = British arrested **31 Communist and trade union leaders**. • Accused included S.A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, P.C. Joshi; charged with communist conspiracy against British. • Trial lasted **4 years** (1929–1933); gained international attention — Jawaharlal Nehru was defence lawyer. • 💡 Congress Leaders = separate arrests; Revolutionaries = HSRA members (different case); Princes = not involved in labour case.
Who is known as the 'Heroine of the 1942 Quit India Movement'?
Correct Answer: C. Aruna Asaf Ali
• **Aruna Asaf Ali** = **'Heroine of the 1942 Quit India Movement'** — hoisted Congress flag at Gowalia Tank. • She hoisted the flag on **August 9, 1942** after all Congress leaders were arrested overnight. • Remained underground for years guiding the movement; later became first Mayor of Delhi (**1958**). • 💡 Sarojini Naidu = Dharasana raid **1930**; Sucheta Kripalani = Quit India, later CM of UP; Annie Besant = Home Rule League **1916**.