Gandhian Era — Set 2
Indian History · गांधी युग · Questions 11–20 of 170
Who were the main leaders of the Khilafat Committee?
Correct Answer: C. Ali Brothers (Shaukat and Muhammad)
• **Muhammad Ali & Shaukat Ali** (Ali Brothers) = main leaders of the **Khilafat Committee**. • They published newspapers **Comrade** and **Hamdard** to mobilise Muslim opinion against Britain. • Gandhi allied with them to build **Hindu-Muslim unity** during Non-Cooperation Movement 1920. • 💡 Jinnah-Iqbal = Muslim League leaders, not Khilafat; Nehru-Patel = Hindu Congress leaders; Azad-Ansari = also active but not the main Khilafat leaders.
In which session of the Congress was the Non-Cooperation resolution approved in 1920?
Correct Answer: C. Nagpur Session
• Non-Cooperation resolution was **finally ratified** at the **Nagpur Session (December 1920)**. • **Calcutta Special Session (September 1920)** first approved it; Nagpur gave it formal sanction. • Nagpur **1920** also restructured Congress: linguistic provinces, elected members, 4-anna membership. • 💡 Calcutta = proposed first but not 'approved'; Lahore = Purna Swaraj **1929**; Bombay = not the session.
The Non-Cooperation Movement was suspended by Gandhi due to which incident?
Correct Answer: A. Chauri Chaura Incident
• **Chauri Chaura (February 4, 1922)** — mob burnt police station in Gorakhpur, killing **22 policemen**. • Gandhi suspended **Non-Cooperation Movement** immediately; called it 'a national sin'. • CR Das, Nehru, Motilal criticized suspension; **Chauri Chaura is in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh**. • 💡 Jallianwala Bagh = **1919** massacre by British, not suspension reason; Motilal's arrest = not a reason; Kakori = **1925** incident.
Who founded the Swaraj Party within the Congress?
Correct Answer: C. C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru
• **Swaraj Party (1923)** = founded by **C.R. Das & Motilal Nehru** after Non-Cooperation suspension. • Strategy: enter legislative councils to **obstruct government from within** ('Pro-changers'). • Opposed by **'No-changers'** like Gandhi who preferred constructive work (khadi, education, upliftment). • 💡 Gandhi-Ambedkar = Poona Pact opponents; Nehru-Bose = younger leaders; Patel-Prasad = different faction.
The Simon Commission was appointed in 1927 to review the working of which Act?
Correct Answer: B. Government of India Act 1919
• **Simon Commission (1927)** = appointed to review **Government of India Act 1919** (Montagu-Chelmsford). • All-7 members were British ('all-white'); greeted with **'Simon Go Back'** slogan and black flags. • Recommendations led to the **Government of India Act 1935** after the Round Table Conferences. • 💡 Rowlatt Act = **1919** emergency law, not under review; Act of **1909** = Morley-Minto, not Simon's subject; Act of **1892** = Indian Councils, too old.
Why was the Simon Commission boycotted by Indians?
Correct Answer: A. It had no Indian members
• Simon Commission boycotted because it had **no Indian members** — all 7 members were British. • Indians felt insulted: excluded from deciding their own constitution; greeted with **black flags**. • Slogan **'Simon Go Back'** was coined by **Yusuf Meherally**; Lala Lajpat Rai led Lahore protest. • 💡 Higher taxes = not the reason; Appointed too early = not correct, it was 2 years early but cause was exclusion; Partition = unrelated.
Which national leader died due to lathi blows received during the anti-Simon Commission protests?
Correct Answer: A. Lala Lajpat Rai
• **Lala Lajpat Rai** died from lathi charge injuries during **Simon Commission protest in Lahore (1928)**. • His famous words: 'Every blow aimed at me is a **nail in the coffin of British imperialism**'. • Death angered **Bhagat Singh**, who avenged by killing Saunders (mistaken for Scott) in December 1928. • 💡 Bipin Chandra Pal = alive past **1928**; Gokhale = died **1915**; Tilak = died **1920**, years before Simon.
Who presided over the Lahore Session of the Congress in 1929?
Correct Answer: B. Jawaharlal Nehru
• **Jawaharlal Nehru** presided over **Lahore Session 1929** — resolution for **Purna Swaraj** passed. • At midnight Dec 31, 1929, Nehru hoisted tricolor on banks of River **Ravi** in Lahore. • **January 26, 1930** declared as first Independence Day; this date became Republic Day in 1950. • 💡 Bose = not president in **1929**; Motilal = father of Jawaharlal, not the **1929** president; Gandhi = presided only Belgaum **1924**.
The 'Dandi March' was launched by Gandhi to protest against the tax on:
Correct Answer: C. Salt
• **Dandi March (March 12, 1930)** = Gandhi protested British monopoly and tax on **salt**. • Marched **241 miles** from Sabarmati Ashram to coastal village Dandi in 24 days with 78 followers. • On **April 6, 1930**, Gandhi broke salt law at Dandi — started Civil Disobedience Movement. • 💡 Wheat, Sugar, Cotton = not taxed as British monopoly items; salt was chosen as it affects all Indians equally.
The Civil Disobedience Movement began with which event?
Correct Answer: D. Dandi March
• **Civil Disobedience Movement** began with **Dandi March on March 12, 1930** — salt tax protest. • Gandhi broke salt law at Dandi on **April 6, 1930**; mass civil disobedience spread nationwide. • Movement included boycott of foreign goods, non-payment of revenue, **Dharasana raid by Sarojini Naidu**. • 💡 Chauri Chaura = caused Non-Cooperation suspension in **1922**; Purna Swaraj = the goal, not the movement start; Simon Commission = **1928** boycott.